Gesichter automatisch weichzeichnen: Datenschutz mit AWS & .NET

(
  set -eu
  command -v dotnet >/dev/null || { printf '%s\n' 'Install the .NET 10 SDK first.' >&2; exit 1; }
  parent=$PWD
  while :; do
    for config in global.json Directory.Build.props Directory.Build.targets Directory.Packages.props NuGet.Config NuGet.config nuget.config; do
      [ ! -e "$parent/$config" ] || { printf '%s\n' 'Use a directory outside an existing .NET configuration tree.' >&2; exit 1; }
    done
    [ "$parent" -ef / ] && break
    parent="$parent/.."
  done
  [ ! -e FaceBlurAutomation ] || { printf '%s\n' 'Choose a new project directory; FaceBlurAutomation already exists.' >&2; exit 1; }
  dotnet new console --framework net10.0 --no-restore -n FaceBlurAutomation
  dotnet add FaceBlurAutomation package AWSSDK.Rekognition --version 4.0.101.2
  dotnet add FaceBlurAutomation package Magick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU --version 14.17.2
)

using System;
using System.Buffers.Binary;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Amazon.Rekognition;
using Amazon.Rekognition.Model;
using ImageMagick;

namespace FaceBlurAutomation;

public static class Program
{
    public static async Task<int> Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            if (args.Length != 2)
                throw new ArgumentException("Usage: FaceBlurAutomation <inputImagePath> <newOutput.png>");
            return await ProcessImageAsync(args[0], args[1]);
        }
        catch (Exception error)
        {
            string message = error switch
            {
                ArgumentException or InvalidDataException => error.Message,
                OperationCanceledException => "AWS analysis timed out after 45 seconds. Check connectivity and retry with a new output path.",
                AmazonRekognitionException => "AWS analysis failed. Check your profile, region, DetectFaces permission, and service availability.",
                Amazon.Runtime.AmazonClientException => "AWS credentials or client setup failed. Check your shared-credentials profile and AWS_REGION.",
                System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException => "AWS connectivity failed. Check your network and region before retrying.",
                MagickException => "Image decoding or processing failed. Re-export an intact 8-bit RGB PNG and retry.",
                IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException => "File access or publication failed. Check the input, output directory, and existing destination.",
                _ => "Processing failed; no successful result was reported."
            };
            Console.Error.WriteLine(message);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    private static async Task<int> ProcessImageAsync(string inputPath, string outputPath)
    {
        outputPath = Path.GetFullPath(outputPath);
        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(outputPath), ".png", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            throw new ArgumentException("Choose a .png output path.");
        if (File.Exists(outputPath) || Directory.Exists(outputPath))
            throw new ArgumentException("Choose an output path that does not already exist.");
        if (!Directory.Exists(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath)))
            throw new ArgumentException("Create the output directory first.");

        using var input = new FileStream(inputPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
        if (input.Length == 0 || input.Length > 20L * 1024 * 1024)
            throw new InvalidDataException("Use a nonempty input no larger than 20 MiB; export a smaller image and retry.");
        if (HasMultiplePictureIndex(input))
            throw new InvalidDataException("This JPEG contains a multi-picture index. Export one picture as an opaque 8-bit RGB PNG first.");
        if (HasPngAnimation(input))
            throw new InvalidDataException("This PNG contains animation controls. Export one frame as an 8-bit RGB PNG without alpha first.");
        using var headers = new MagickImageCollection();
        headers.Ping(input);
        if (headers.Count != 1)
            throw new InvalidDataException("Export a single image as an opaque 8-bit RGB PNG first.");
        var header = headers[0];
        if (header.Format is not (MagickFormat.Jpeg or MagickFormat.Png)
            || header.Depth != 8 || header.HasAlpha
            || header.ColorSpace is not (ColorSpace.sRGB or ColorSpace.Gray))
            throw new InvalidDataException("Use an 8-bit RGB or grayscale JPEG, or a PNG without an alpha channel; convert CMYK or alpha in an image editor first.");
        if (header.Width < 80 || header.Height < 80
            || (ulong)header.Width * header.Height > 20_000_000)
            throw new InvalidDataException("Use sides of at least 80 pixels and no more than 20 million pixels; resize in your image editor first.");

        input.Position = 0;
        using var image = new MagickImage();
        image.Warning += (_, _) => throw new InvalidDataException("The decoder reported damaged image data. Re-export an intact image first.");
        image.Read(input);
        image.AutoOrient();
        if (image.GetColorProfile() is not null)
            image.TransformColorSpace(ColorProfiles.SRGB);
        image.ColorSpace = ColorSpace.sRGB;
        image.Strip();
        if (image.Width > 1600 || image.Height > 1600)
            image.Resize(new MagickGeometry(1600, 1600) { Greater = true });
        if (image.Width < 80 || image.Height < 80)
            throw new InvalidDataException("The resized image has a side below 80 pixels; crop the extreme aspect ratio first.");

        using var bytes = new MemoryStream(image.ToByteArray(MagickFormat.Png));
        if (bytes.Length > 5L * 1024 * 1024)
            throw new InvalidDataException("The normalized PNG exceeds AWS’s 5 MB Bytes limit. Export with a longest side of 1200 pixels or less and retry.");
        using var client = new AmazonRekognitionClient(new AmazonRekognitionConfig { MaxErrorRetry = 0 });
        using var deadline = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45));
        var response = await client.DetectFacesAsync(new DetectFacesRequest
        {
            Image = new Amazon.Rekognition.Model.Image { Bytes = bytes },
            Attributes = new List<string> { "DEFAULT" }
        }, deadline.Token);
        var faces = response.FaceDetails ?? new List<FaceDetail>();
        if (faces.Count == 0)
        {
            Console.Error.WriteLine("No faces detected; no output written. Review the original manually.");
            return 2;
        }

        foreach (var face in faces)
        {
            var box = face.BoundingBox;
            if (box?.Left is not float left || box.Top is not float top
                || box.Width is not float width || box.Height is not float height
                || !float.IsFinite(left) || !float.IsFinite(top)
                || !float.IsFinite(width) || !float.IsFinite(height) || width <= 0 || height <= 0)
                throw new InvalidDataException("AWS returned an invalid face bounding box; no output written.");
            int x1 = (int)Math.Floor(Math.Clamp((double)left * image.Width, 0, image.Width));
            int y1 = (int)Math.Floor(Math.Clamp((double)top * image.Height, 0, image.Height));
            int x2 = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Clamp(((double)left + width) * image.Width, 0, image.Width));
            int y2 = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Clamp(((double)top + height) * image.Height, 0, image.Height));
            if (x2 <= x1 || y2 <= y1)
                throw new InvalidDataException("A face box does not intersect the image; no output written.");

            using var region = image.Clone();
            region.Crop(new MagickGeometry(x1, y1, (uint)(x2 - x1), (uint)(y2 - y1)));
            region.ResetPage();
            double sigma = Math.Max(12, Math.Min(region.Width, region.Height) / 4.0);
            // An explicit kernel radius keeps large-sigma blur effective with the Q8 library.
            region.GaussianBlur(Math.Ceiling(3 * sigma), sigma);
            image.Composite(region, x1, y1, CompositeOperator.Copy);
        }

        string staging = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath)!,
            $".faceblur-{Guid.NewGuid():N}.tmp");
        try
        {
            using (var output = new FileStream(staging, FileMode.CreateNew, FileAccess.Write))
            {
                image.Write(output, MagickFormat.Png);
                output.Flush(flushToDisk: true);
            }
            File.Move(staging, outputPath, overwrite: false);
        }
        finally
        {
            if (File.Exists(staging)) File.Delete(staging);
        }
        Console.WriteLine($"Blurred {faces.Count} detected face region(s). Review {outputPath} before sharing.");
        return 0;
    }

    private static bool HasPngAnimation(Stream input)
    {
        // PNG decoders can expose only an APNG's default image; inspect its control chunks first.
        try
        {
            Span<byte> header = stackalloc byte[8];
            ReadOnlySpan<byte> signature = stackalloc byte[] { 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10 };
            if (input.Read(header) != 8 || !header.SequenceEqual(signature)) return false;
            while (input.Length - input.Position >= 12)
            {
                input.ReadExactly(header);
                uint length = BinaryPrimitives.ReadUInt32BigEndian(header[..4]);
                if ((long)length + 4 > input.Length - input.Position) break;
                if (header[4..].SequenceEqual("acTL"u8)) return true;
                // A valid animation control chunk must precede the first image-data chunk.
                if (header[4..].SequenceEqual("IDAT"u8) || header[4..].SequenceEqual("IEND"u8)) break;
                input.Position += length + 4L;
            }
            return false;
        }
        finally
        {
            input.Position = 0;
        }
    }

    private static bool HasMultiplePictureIndex(Stream input)
    {
        // Some JPEG decoders expose only the primary picture of an MPF/MPO file.
        try
        {
            if (input.ReadByte() != 0xff || input.ReadByte() != 0xd8) return false;
            while (input.Position < input.Length)
            {
                if (input.ReadByte() != 0xff) break;
                int marker;
                do { marker = input.ReadByte(); } while (marker == 0xff);
                if (marker < 0 || marker == 0xda || marker == 0xd9) break;
                if (marker == 0x01 || marker is >= 0xd0 and <= 0xd7) continue;
                int high = input.ReadByte();
                int low = input.ReadByte();
                if (high < 0 || low < 0) break;
                int length = (high << 8) + low - 2;
                if (length < 0 || length > input.Length - input.Position) break;
                long next = input.Position + length;
                if (marker == 0xe2 && length >= 4
                    && input.ReadByte() == 'M' && input.ReadByte() == 'P'
                    && input.ReadByte() == 'F' && input.ReadByte() == 0)
                    return true;
                input.Position = next;
            }
            return false;
        }
        finally
        {
            input.Position = 0;
        }
    }
}

dotnet build FaceBlurAutomation &&
  dotnet run --no-build --project FaceBlurAutomation -- "./input.jpg" "./output.png"