Transcoding Docs

Robots Categories

Transloadit is versatile and we have 53 wildly different features that can be stringed together to create workflows unique to your use case. We call these features Robots and we have categorized them in 12 different services.

On this page we'll first show a brief overview, and will then dive deeper to show you how you can configure each Robot to automate your media processing.

If you are unsure where to even put these Robot Instructions, we recommend first reading the Integration Docs.

Name	Description	Documentation
Handling Uploads
/upload/handle	This Robot receives uploads that your users throw at you from browser or apps, or that you throw at us programmatically	Documentation
File Importing
/backblaze/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your Backblaze bucket	Documentation
/cloudfiles/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your Rackspace Cloudfiles container	Documentation
/digitalocean/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from Digitalocean Storage	Documentation
/dropbox/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your Dropbox	Documentation
/ftp/import	This Robot imports whole libraries of files from your FTP servers into Transloadit. This Robot relies on password access. For more security, consider our /sftp/import Robot	Documentation
/google/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from Google Storage	Documentation
/http/import	This Robot imports any file that is publicly available via a web URL into Transloadit	Documentation
/minio/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your min.io bucket	Documentation
/s3/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your S3 bucket	Documentation
/sftp/import	This Robot imports whole libraries of files from your SFTP servers into Transloadit. This Robot relies on public key authentication	Documentation
/swift/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your Openstack/Swift bucket	Documentation
/wasabi/import	This Robot imports whole directories of files from your wasabi bucket	Documentation
Video Encoding
/video/adaptive	This Robot encodes videos into HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and MPEG-Dash supported formats and generates the necessary manifest and playlist files	Documentation
/video/concat	This Robot concatenates several videos together	Documentation
/video/encode	This Robot encodes, resizes, applies watermarks to videos and animated GIFs	Documentation
/video/merge	This Robot composes a new video by adding an audio track to existing still image(s) or video	Documentation
/video/subtitle	This Robot adds subtitles to videos	Documentation
/video/thumbs	This Robot extracts any number of images from videos for use as previews	Documentation
Audio Encoding
/audio/artwork	This Robot extracts the embedded cover artwork from audio files and allows you to pipe it into other Steps, for example into /image/resize Steps. It can also insert images into audio files as cover artwork	Documentation
/audio/concat	This Robot concatenates several audio files together	Documentation
/audio/encode	This Robot converts audio files into all kinds of formats for you. We provide encoding presets for the most common formats	Documentation
/audio/loop	This Robot loops one audio file as often as is required to match a given duration	Documentation
/audio/merge	This Robot overlays several audio files on top of each other	Documentation
/audio/waveform	This Robot generates waveform images for your audio files and allows you to change their colors and dimensions	Documentation
Image Manipulation
/image/optimize	This Robot reduces the size of images while maintaining the same visual quality	Documentation
/image/resize	This Robot resizes, crops, changes colorization, rotation, and applies text and watermarks to images	Documentation
Artificial Intelligence
/image/describe	This Robot recognizes objects in images and returns them as English words	Documentation
/image/facedetect	This Robot detects faces in images and returns their coordinates, or cuts them from the original images and returns those as new images	Documentation
/speech/transcribe	This Robot transcribes speech in audio or video files	Documentation
Document Processing
/document/convert	This Robot converts documents into different formats	Documentation
/document/thumbs	This Robot generates an image for each page in a PDF file or an animated gif file that loops through all pages	Documentation
/html/convert	This Robot takes screenshots of web pages or uploaded HTML pages	Documentation
File Filtering
/file/filter	This Robot directs files to different encoding Steps based on your conditions	Documentation
/file/virusscan	This Robot rejects millions of trojans, viruses, malware & other malicious threats before they reach your platform	Documentation
Media Cataloging
/media/playlist	This Robot merges segment files to generate playlist files for HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)	Documentation
/meta/write	This Robot writes metadata into any file that supports it	Documentation
File Compressing
/file/compress	This Robot creates archives of files or file conversion results	Documentation
/file/decompress	This Robot extracts entire archives of files to be consumed by other Robots or exported as individual files	Documentation
File Exporting
/azure/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Microsoft Azure	Documentation
/backblaze/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Backblaze	Documentation
/cloudfiles/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Rackspace Cloud Files	Documentation
/digitalocean/store	This Robot exports encoding results to DigitalOcean Spaces	Documentation
/dropbox/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Dropbox	Documentation
/ftp/store	This Robot exports encoding results to your FTP servers. This Robot relies on password access. For more security, consider our /sftp/store Robot	Documentation
/google/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Google Storage	Documentation
/minio/store	This Robot exports encoding results to min.io buckets	Documentation
/s3/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Amazon S3	Documentation
/sftp/store	This Robot exports encoding results to your own SFTP server	Documentation
/swift/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Openstack Swift buckets	Documentation
/wasabi/store	This Robot exports encoding results to Wasabi buckets	Documentation
/youtube/store	This Robot exports encoding results to YouTube	Documentation
Content Delivery (beta)
/file/serve	This Robot serves files to webbrowsers	Documentation

Handling Uploads

Handle uploads

The /upload/handle Robot receives uploads that your users throw at you from browser or apps, or that you throw at us programmatically.

Transloadit will handle file uploads for you whether you specify this Robot or not, so using it is optional.

It can still be good to define this Robot to make your Assembly Instructions explicit though, and to configure how exactly uploads should be handled. For example, what metadata we should extract for uploaded files?

There are three constraints when using this Robot, you must:

not define a use parameter, contrary to all other Robots
only use it once in a single set of Assembly Instructions
name the Step that it's used in: :original

For example:

{
  "steps": {
    ":original": {
      "robot": "/upload/handle",
      "output_meta": {
        "has_transparency": true
      }
    },
    "exported": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": ":original",
      "credentials": "YOUR_S3_CREDENTIALS"
    }
  }
}

Parameters

output_meta object / boolean ⋅ default is {}

Allows you to specify a set of metadata that is more expensive on cpu power to calculate, and thus is disabled by default to keep your Assemblies processing fast. For images, you can add "has_transparency": true in this object to extract if the image contains transparent parts and "dominant_colors": true to extract an array of hexadecimal color codes from the image. You can also set this to false to skip meta data extraction and speed up transcoding.

Demos featuring the /upload/handle Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /upload/handle Robot on our blog:

Re-loadit: the /upload/handle Robot February 13, 2019

File Importing

Import files from Backblaze

The /backblaze/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your Backblaze bucket.

Since you need to provide credentials to this Robot, please always use this together with Templates and/or Template Credentials, so that you can never leak any secrets while transmitting your Assembly Instructions.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your Backblaze bucket, app key id app key. To create your credential information head over to Backblaze, sign in to your account, and select Create a Bucket. Save the name of your bucket, and click on the App Keys tab, scroll to the bottom of the page then select “Add a New Application Key”. Allow access to your recently created bucket, select “Read and Write” as your type of access, and tick the “Allow List All Bucket Names:” option. Now everything is in place, create your key, and take note of the information you are given so you can add input the information into your Template Credentials. Your app key will only be viewable once so make sure you note this down. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "app_key_id", "app_key".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive a 404 BACKBLAZE_IMPORT_NOT_FOUND error. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters start_file_name and files_per_page wisely here.
start_file_name string ⋅ default is ""

The name of the last file from the previous paging call to tell the Robot to ignore all files up untill this one (including this file).
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /backblaze/import Robot

Copy files from Backblaze to Amazon S3

Import files from Rackspace Cloudfiles

The /cloudfiles/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your Rackspace Cloudfiles container.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your Cloudfiles container, user, key, account type and data center. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "account_type" ("us" or "uk"), "data_center" ("dfw" for Dallas or "ord" for Chicago for example), "user", "key", "container".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /cloudfiles/import Robot

Copy files from cloudfiles to Amazon S3

Import files from Digitalocean Storage

The /digitalocean/import Robot imports whole directories of files from Digitalocean Storage.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your DigitalOcean space, key, secret and region. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "space", "region" (for example: "fra1" or "nyc3"), "key", "secret".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /digitalocean/import Robot

Copy files from Digitalocean Storage to Amazon S3

Import files from Dropbox

The /dropbox/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your Dropbox.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your access token. Please create your dropbox access token here. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameter instead: "access_token".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your dropbox to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are imported recursively. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /dropbox/import Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /dropbox/import Robot on our blog:

Re-loadit: the /dropbox/import Robot January 28, 2019

Import files from FTP servers

The /ftp/import Robot imports whole libraries of files from your FTP servers into Transloadit. This Robot relies on password access. For more security, consider our /sftp/import Robot.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your FTP host, user and password. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "host", "user", "password".
path string required

The path on your FTP server where to search for files. Files are imported recursively from all sub-directories and sub-sub-directories (and so on) from this path.
port integer ⋅ default is 21

The port to use for the FTP connection.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.
passive_mode boolean ⋅ default is true

Determines if passive mode should be used for the FTP connection.

Things to Keep in Mind

Your server might be unresponsive from time to time. Since (S)FTP servers are harder to scale, we have seen this happen a lot. As a result, if this Robot fails to store one of your files, it retries to store the file 5 times over 15 minutes.
This also means that when you gave it the wrong credentials (when testing for example) Assemblies can take up to 15min to complete.
If an Assembly has an export Step and takes long to execute, it is almost always due to the export Step having wrong credentials or the server being unreachable.

We advise you to use our /sftp/store and /sftp/import Robots when possible, as it is much more secure. The FTP Robots should only serve as a fallback for when cloud storage or SFTP cannot be used.

Demos featuring the /ftp/import Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /ftp/import Robot on our blog:

On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014
Introducing the new /ftp/import Robot March 6, 2014

Import files from Google Storage

The /google/import Robot imports whole directories of files from Google Storage.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Create a new Google service account. Set its role to "Storage Object Creator". Choose "JSON" for the key file format and download it to your computer. You will need to upload this file when creating your Template Credentials.

Go back to your Google credentials project and enable the "Google Cloud Storage JSON API" for it. Wait around ten minutes for the action to propagate through the Google network. Grab the project id from the drop down menu in the header bar on the Google site. You will also need it later on.

Now you can set up the storage.objects.create and storage.objects.delete permissions. The latter is optional and only required if you intend to overwrite existing paths.

To do this from the Google Cloud console, locate to IAM & Admin and select Roles. From here select +CREATE ROLE, enter a name, set the role launch stage as general availability and set the permissions stated above. Next relocate to your storage browser and select the ellipsis on your bucket to edit bucket permissions. From here select ADD MEMBER, enter your service account as a new member and select your newly created role.

Then create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value.
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive a 404 GOOGLE_IMPORT_NOT_FOUND error. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters start_file_name and files_per_page wisely here.
next_page_token string ⋅ default is ""

A string token used for pagination. The returned files of one paginated call have the next page token inside of their meta data, which needs to be used for the subsequent paging call.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /google/import Robot

Copy files from Google Storage to Amazon S3

Import files from Webservers

The /http/import Robot imports any file that is publicly available via a web URL into Transloadit.

The result of this Robot will carry a field import_url in their metadata, which references the URL from which they were imported. Further conversion results that use this file will also carry this import_url field. This allows you to to match conversion results with the original import URL that you used.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
url string / array of strings required

The URL from which the file to be imported can be retrieved. You can also specify an array of URLs or a string of | delimited URLs to import several files at once. Please also check the url_delimiter parameter for that.
url_delimiter string ⋅ default is "|"

Provides the delimiter that is used to split the URLs in your url parameter value.
headers array of strings ⋅ default is []

Custom headers to be sent for file import. This is an empty array by default, such that no additional headers expect the necessary ones (e.g. Host) are sent.
force_name string / null ⋅ default is null

Custom name for the imported file. Defaults to null, which means the file name is derived from the supplied URL.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /http/import Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /http/import Robot on our blog:

Two Small Feature Updates February 11, 2012
Adding Support for Audio Encoding November 21, 2011

Import files from min.io

The /minio/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your min.io bucket.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your minio bucket, key, secret and bucket region. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "host", "key", "secret".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive an error: A client error (NoSuchKey) occurred when calling the GetObject operation: The specified key does not exist. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /minio/import Robot

Copy files from min.io to Amazon S3

Import files from Amazon S3

The /s3/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your S3 bucket.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your S3 bucket, key, secret and bucket region. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "bucket_region" (for example: "us-east-1" or "eu-west-2"), "key", "secret".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive an error: A client error (NoSuchKey) occurred when calling the GetObject operation: The specified key does not exist. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /s3/import Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /s3/import Robot on our blog:

Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
Introducing the new /s3/import Robot July 17, 2013

Import files from SFTP servers

The /sftp/import Robot imports whole libraries of files from your SFTP servers into Transloadit. This Robot relies on public key authentication.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your SFTP host, user and optional custom public key. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "host", "port", "user", "public_key" (optional).
path string required

The path on your SFTP server where to search for files.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.
port integer ⋅ default is 22

The port to use for the connection.

Things to Keep in Mind

Your server might be unresponsive from time to time. Since (S)FTP servers are harder to scale, we have seen this happen a lot. As a result, if this Robot fails to store one of your files, it retries to store the file 5 times over 15 minutes.
This also means that when you gave it the wrong credentials (when testing for example) Assemblies can take up to 15min to complete.
If an Assembly has an export Step and takes long to execute, it is almost always due to the export Step having wrong credentials or the server being unreachable.

This robot uses SSH keys, which is more secure at the trade-off of a bit of complexity in setting up. If you prefer a less secure, but easier-to-setup solution, then please have a look at our /ftp/store and /ftp/import Robots.

Installation on Your Server

The method explained here is slightly more elaborate than handing out an SSH account with an authorized public key, but is more secure, as the user will not be able to traverse outside their home directory. This way, even if the user account is compromised at some point, the accessible data would be recently uploaded files.

The following explains how to create a dedicated user and group for Transloadit, and restrict access as shown in this article.

First let's create a dedicated group & user:

# Change these variables to suit your needs.
# For additional security, use a randomly picked username.
TL_USER="random873"
TL_PUBLIC_PATH="uploads"

groupadd sftponly
useradd -g sftponly -m ${TL_USER}

# This line sets a random 20-character password for the user.
# We work with keys, but this is required because some operating systems will
# consider the account locked without one.
echo "${TL_USER}:$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc _A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c20)" |chpasswd

mkdir -p /home/${TL_USER}/.ssh /home/${TL_USER}/${TL_PUBLIC_PATH}

echo "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA57GdwNLqsWz03X8MBEe4KoMSY2HOURjnUUe9zeTivASI+BLEe3cZcuJjsEBaRpISvCH04hosWUI0H4BQeB1dZZUUW1s4ttnVohCD9CfNiXJ7pwJAvgWb01dTW4YUWFKUTpTeUwQzgcNVLDtSVaQOYh4lAKvCZEcz17X9iZ7AeSEuQKe+QsrcwQoBdSpQ6FnzKwSZsggK81dPiGIW9Cw2z/EZWJpl9QBTYhw25NbNRtZj3fXVbrejnQQ985eZ6TlrvQFpUVwyk0QNHDsN+7zVISM3eXNpxof+vJyQNDLN9tb8vNPf/HXuw7MDJWMphrQevF5V26aMzszl3ZeO1779Mw== sftp@transloadit.com" >> /home/${TL_USER}/.ssh/authorized_keys

chown -R ${TL_USER}.sftponly /home/${TL_USER}
chown root.root /home/${TL_USER}

chmod -R 600 /home/${TL_USER}/.ssh /home/${TL_USER}/${TL_PUBLIC_PATH}
chmod -R u+X /home/${TL_USER}/.ssh /home/${TL_USER}/${TL_PUBLIC_PATH}

Make sure to change ${TL_USER} and ${TL_PUBLIC_PATH} to suit your needs. Remember to use a random username for additional security.

Please also give the subfolder where you intend to store your files sufficient permissions for your user to be able create sub-directories via mkdir inside of it. A combination of chown and chmod should achieve this.

Next, we will set up SSH to cage SFTP users in their home directory, and deny them regular shell access.

Enter ${EDITOR} /etc/ssh/sshd_config, and then find and comment out this line:

# Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

At the bottom of the same file, add the following:

Subsystem sftp internal-sftp

Match group sftponly
    ChrootDirectory /home/%u
    X11Forwarding no
    AllowTcpForwarding no
    ForceCommand internal-sftp

Finally, enter /etc/init.d/ssh restart to reflect the changes made.

Demos featuring the /sftp/import Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /sftp/import Robot on our blog:

A Happy 2014 from Transloadit! January 14, 2014
Introducing Our New /sftp/import Robot October 30, 2012

Import files from Openstack/Swift

The /swift/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your Openstack/Swift bucket.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your swift bucket, key, secret and bucket region. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "host", "key", "secret".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive an error: A client error (NoSuchKey) occurred when calling the GetObject operation: The specified key does not exist. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /swift/import Robot

Copy files from Openstack/Swift to Amazon S3

Import files from Wasabi

The /wasabi/import Robot imports whole directories of files from your wasabi bucket.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your wasabi bucket, key, secret and bucket region. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "host", "key", "secret".
path string / array of strings required

The path in your bucket to the specific file or directory. If the path points to a file, only this file will be imported. For example: js/my_javascript_file.js If it points to a directory, then all files from this directory will be imported. For example: js/ For Transloadit to recognize you want to import all files from a directory, make sure your path ends with a / slash. Directories are not imported recursively. If you want to import files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, please do this with another Robot Step. If you want to import all files from the root directory, please use / as the value here. In this case, make sure all your objects belong to a path. If you have objects in the root of your bucket that aren't prefixed with /, you'll receive an error: A client error (NoSuchKey) occurred when calling the GetObject operation: The specified key does not exist. You can also use an array of path strings here to import multiple paths in the same Robot Step.
recursive boolean ⋅ default is false

Setting this true will enable importing files from subfolders and sub-subfolders, etc. of the given path. Please use the pagination parameters page_number and files_per_page wisely here.
page_number integer ⋅ default is 1

The pagination page number. To not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports, this for now only works when recursive is to true. When doing big imports, make sure no files are added or removed from other scripts within your path, otherwise you might get weird results with the pagination.
files_per_page integer ⋅ default is 1000

The pagination page size. this only works when recursive is true for now in order to not break backwards compatibility in non-recursive imports.
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

Possible array members are "meta" and "import". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from your imported files. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Including "meta" in the array will cause the Robot to not stop the import (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. Including "import" in the array will ensure the Robot does not error out on any import errors either. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta", "import"] internally.

Demos featuring the /wasabi/import Robot

Copy files from wasabi to Amazon S3

Video Encoding

Convert videos to HLS and MPEG-Dash

The /video/adaptive Robot encodes videos into HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and MPEG-Dash supported formats and generates the necessary manifest and playlist files.

The /video/adaptive Robot generates the necessary manifest and playlist files based on a set of used video and audio files to make implementing HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and MPEG-Dash streaming easy.

This Robot accepts all types of video files and audio files. Do not forget to use Step bundling in your use parameter to make the Robot work on several input files at once.

We have implemented video and audio encoding presets specifically for MPEG-Dash and HTTP Live Streaming support. These presets are prefixed with "dash" and "hls".

We deem this Robot ready for production, but since it hasn't seen a lot of such traffic yet, it's still labeled as beta.

Required CORS settings for MPEG-Dash

Playing back MPEG-Dash Manifest files requires CORS definitions on your Amazon S3 Bucket or other storage location. For convenience here you can find a working CORS definition:

<CORSConfiguration>
  <CORSRule>
    <AllowedOrigin>*</AllowedOrigin>
    <AllowedMethod>GET</AllowedMethod>
    <ExposeHeader>Access-Control-Allow-Origin</ExposeHeader>
    <AllowedHeader>*</AllowedHeader>
  </CORSRule>
</CORSConfiguration>

To set up CORS for your S3 bucket:

Visit: https://s3.console.aws.amazon.com/s3/buckets/
Click on your bucket
Click "Permissions"
Click "CORS configuration"

Required CORS settings for HTTP Live Streaming

Playing back HLS playlist files may require a crossdomain policy file. For convenience here you can find a working file.

Please save this to a crossdomain.xml file and store it in the root folder of your Amazon S3 Bucket or other storage location of choice.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE cross-domain-policy SYSTEM "https://www.macromedia.com/xml/dtds/cross-domain-policy.dtd">
<cross-domain-policy>
  <allow-access-from domain="*" secure="false" />
  <allow-http-request-headers-from domain="*" headers="*" />
</cross-domain-policy>

Storing Segments and Playlist files

The Robot gives its result files (segments, initialization segments, MPD manifest files and M3U8 playlist files) the right metadata property relative_path, so that you can store them easily using one of our storage Robots.

In the path parameter of the storage Robot of your choice, please use the Assembly Variable ${file.meta.relative_path} to store files in the proper paths to make the playlist files work.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
technique string ⋅ default is "dash"

Determines which streaming technique should be used. Currently supports "dash" for MPEG-Dash and "hls" for HTTP Live Streaming.
playlist_name string ⋅ default is "playlist.mpd"

The filename for the generated manifest/playlist file. The default is "playlist.mpd" if your technique is "dash", and "playlist.m3u8" if your technique is "hls".
segment_duration integer ⋅ default is 10

The duration for each segment in seconds.
closed_captions boolean ⋅ default is true

Determines whether you want closed caption support when using the "hls" technique.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.

Demos featuring the /video/adaptive Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/adaptive Robot on our blog:

Adding support for MPEG-Dash October 11, 2016
Helping Coursera Bring Education to Millions Around the World February 11, 2015

Concatenate videos

The /video/concat Robot concatenates several videos together.

Important All videos you concatenate must have the same dimensions (width and height) and the same streams (audio and video streams) otherwise you will run into errors! If your videos do not have the desired dimensions when passing them to the /video/concat Robot, please encode them first with our /video/encode Robot.

It is possible to concatenate a virtually infinite number of video files using the /video/concat Robot.

Imagine you have three file input fields in the same upload form for video files that you want to concatenate. You can tell Transloadit in which order it should concatenate them using the file input field's name attribute. Just use the value for the name attribute as the value for the fields key in the JSON. Then set the proper order values in the as parameter. Valid values here are video_[[index]]. Transloadit will then concatenate them in the order of the index ascending:

"concatenated": {
  "robot": "/video/concat",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "first_video_file", "as": "video_1" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "second_video_file", "as": "video_2" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "third_video_file", "as": "video_3" }
    ]
  }
}

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "flash"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default "flash" preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the flash preset's values manually. For a list of video presets, see video presets.
video_fade_seconds float ⋅ default is 1.0

When used this adds a video fade in and out effect between each section of your concatenated video. The float value is used so if you want a video delay effect of 500 milliseconds between each video section you would select 0.5, however, integer values can also be represented. This parameter does not add a video fade effect at the beginning or end of your video. If you want to do so, create an additional /video/encode step and use our ffmpeg parameter as shown in this demo. Please note this parameter is independent of adding audio fades between sections.
audio_fade_seconds float ⋅ default is 1.0

When used this adds an audio fade in and out effect between each section of your concatenated video. The float value is used so if you want an audio delay effect of 500 milliseconds between each video section you would select 0.5, however, integer values can also be represented. This parameter does not add an audio fade effect at the beginning or end of your video. If you want to do so, create an additional /video/encode step and use our ffmpeg parameter as shown in this demo. Please note this parameter is independent of adding video fades between sections.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

Demos featuring the /video/concat Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/concat Robot on our blog:

Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Adding Four New Robots to Our Family! September 24, 2015
Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015

Transcode, resize, or watermark videos

The /video/encode Robot encodes, resizes, applies watermarks to videos and animated GIFs.

On Watermarking

With watermarking you can add an image to a video. This is usually used for logos, but you could also Surround a video with a frame if you cut out a transparent center from your image.

Supplying the Watermark via an Assembly Step

You can also also pass both the video and the watermark image to an Assembly Step via the use parameter, allowing you to have both be part of the upload, or to use the results of other Assembly Steps as input to your /video/encode Step.

For this to work, you just need to use the as-syntax:

"my_video_step": {
  "bundle_steps": true,
  "robot": "/video/encode",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "as": "video" },
      { "name": ":original", "as": "watermark" }
    ]
  }
}

Here both the video and the watermark image are taken from the uploaded files. They are recognized automatically based on their file type.

If you use several file input fields, then you can tell Transloadit which field supplies the base video and which the watermark. Suppose you have two file input fields named the_video and the_watermark. These Assembly Instructions will make it work using the fields condition:

"my_video_step": {
  "bundle_steps": true,
  "robot": "/video/encode",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_video", "as": "video" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_watermark", "as": "watermark" }
    ]
  }
}

Please note that the Robot's watermark_url parameter will still continue to work.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "flash"

Converts a video according to pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's and/or do not not want Transloadit to set any encoding setting, starting ffmpeg_stack: "v3.3.3", you can use the value 'empty' here.
width integer(1-1920) ⋅ default is Width of the input video

Width of the new video, in pixels.
height integer(1-1080) ⋅ default is Height of the input video

Height of the new video, in pixels.
resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "pad"

See the available resize strategies.
zoom boolean ⋅ default is true

If this is set to false, smaller videos will not be stretched to the desired width and height. For details about the impact of zooming for your preferred resize strategy, see the list of available resize strategies.
crop object / json string ⋅ default is null
Specify an object containing coordinates for the top left and bottom right corners of the rectangle to be cropped from the original video(s). Values can be integers for absolute pixel values or strings for percentage based values. For example:
```
{
  "x1": 80,
  "y1": 100,
  "x2": "60%",
  "y2": "80%"
}
```
will crop the area from (80, 100) to (600, 800) from a 1000x1000 pixels video, which is a square whose width is 520px and height is 700px. If crop is set, the width and height parameters are ignored, and the resize_strategy is set to crop automatically. You can also use a JSON string of such an object with coordinates in similar fashion: "{ \"x1\": <Integer>, \"y1\": <Integer>, \"x2\": <Integer>, \"y2\": <Integer> }"
background string ⋅ default is "00000000"

The background color of the resulting video the "rrggbbaa" format (red, green, blue, alpha) when used with the "pad" resize strategy. The default color is black.
rotate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Forces the video to be rotated by the specified degree integer. Currently, only multiples of 90 are supported. We automatically correct the orientation of many videos when the orientation is provided by the camera. This option is only useful for videos requiring rotation because it was not detected by the camera. If you set rotate to false no rotation is performed, even if the metadata contains such instructions.
hint boolean ⋅ default is false

Enables hinting for mp4 files, for RTP/RTSP streaming.
turbo boolean ⋅ default is false

Speeds up encoding greatly, especially for large non-adaptive workloads. Now in public beta.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}
A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. The FFmpeg r parameter (framerate) has a default value of 25 and maximum value of 60. If you set r to null, you clear the default of 25 and can preserve the original video's framerate. For example:
```
"steps": {
  "video_encode": {
    "robot": "/video/encode",
    "use": ":original",
    "ffmpeg_stack": "v3.3.3",
    "preset": "iphone-high",
    "ffmpeg": {
      "b": "600k"
    }
  }
}
```

Watermarking Parameters

watermark_url string ⋅ default is ""

A URL indicating a PNG image to be overlaid above this image. Please note that you can also supply the watermark via another Assembly Step.
watermark_position string / array of strings ⋅ default is "center"

The position at which the watermark is placed. The available options are "center", "top", "bottom", "left", and "right". You can also combine options, such as "bottom-right". An array of possible values can also be specified, in which case one value will be selected at random, such as [ "center", "left", "bottom-left", "bottom-right" ]. This setting puts the watermark in the specified corner. To use a specific pixel offset for the watermark, you will need to add the padding to the image itself.
watermark_x_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The x-offset in number of pixels at which the watermark will be placed in relation to the position it has due to watermark_position. Values can be both positive and negative and yield different results depending on the watermark_position parameter. Positive values move the watermark closer to the image's center point, whereas negative values move the watermark further away from the image's center point.
watermark_y_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The y-offset in number of pixels at which the watermark will be placed in relation to the position it has due to watermark_position. Values can be both positive and negative and yield different results depending on the watermark_position parameter. Positive values move the watermark closer to the image's center point, whereas negative values move the watermark further away from the image's center point.
watermark_size string ⋅ default is ""

The size of the watermark, as a percentage, such as "50%". How the watermark is resized greatly depends on the watermark_resize_strategy.
watermark_resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "fit"

Available values are "fit", "stretch" and "area". To explain how the resize strategies work, let's assume our target video size is 800×800 pixels and our watermark image is 400×300 pixels. Let's also assume, the watermark_size parameter is set to "25%". For the "fit" resize strategy, the watermark is scaled so that the longer side of the watermark takes up 25% of the corresponding video side. And the other side is scaled according to the aspect ratio of the watermark image. So with our watermark, the width is the longer side, and 25% of the video size would be 200px. Hence, the watermark would be resized to 200×150 pixels. If the watermark_size was set to "50%"", it would be resized to 400×300 pixels (so just left at its original size). For the "stretch" resize strategy, the watermark image is stretched (meaning, it is resized without keeping its aspect ratio in mind) so that both sides take up 25% of the corresponding video side. Since our video is 800×800 pixels, for a watermark size of 25% the watermark would be resized to 200×200 pixels. Its height would appear stretched, because keeping the aspect ratio in mind it would be resized to 200×150 pixels instead. For the "area" resize strategy, the watermark is resized (keeping its aspect ratio in check) so that it covers "xx%" of the video's surface area. The value from watermark_size is used for the percentage area size.
watermark_start_time float ⋅ default is 0.0

The delay in seconds from the start of the video for the watermark to appear. By default the watermark is immediately shown.
watermark_duration float ⋅ default is -1.0

The duration in seconds for the watermark to be shown. Can be used together with watermark_start_time to create nice effects. The default value is -1.0, which means that the watermark is shown for the entire duration of the video.
watermark_opacity float ⋅ default is 1.0

The opacity of the watermark. Valid values are between 0 (invisible) and 1.0 (full visibility).

HLS Parameters

This Robot used to support HLS parameters but we now recommend using our specialized /video/adaptive Robot instead.

Demos featuring the /video/encode Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/encode Robot on our blog:

The importance of a watermark: new watermark parameters February 20, 2019
Adding support for MPEG-Dash October 11, 2016
Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015
Helping Coursera Bring Education to Millions Around the World February 11, 2015
Adding Support for Audio Encoding November 21, 2011
We Have Added Support for WebM April 27, 2011
Real-Time Encoding - Over 150x Faster December 20, 2010
Auto Rotation for iPhone Videos November 19, 2010

Merge video, audio, images into one video

The /video/merge Robot composes a new video by adding an audio track to existing still image(s) or video.

This Robot is able to generate a video from:

an image and an audio file
a video and an audio file
several images

Merging an Audio File and an Image

To merge an audio file and an image to create a video please pass both the audio file and the image to an Assembly Step via the use parameter. For this to work, you just need to use the as-syntax:

"merged": {
  "robot": "/video/merge",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "as": "audio" },
      { "name": ":original", "as": "image" }
    ],
    "bundle_steps": true
  }
}

Imagine you have uploaded both an image and an audio file in the same upload form. In the above example the system will automatically recognize the files properly if you use the same Step name twice (":original" in this case). Instead of using :original you could also use any other valid Assembly Step name.

If you are using multiple file input fields, then you can tell Transloadit which field supplies the audio file and which supplies the image. Suppose you have two file input fields named the_image and the_audio. These Assembly Instructions will make it work:

"merged": {
  "robot": "/video/merge",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_audio", "as": "audio" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_image", "as": "image" }
    ],
    "bundle_steps": true
  }
}

Merging an Audio File and a Video

If you have a video file (without sound for example) and an audio track that you want the video to use you can merge them together with Transloadit. Just label the video as video and the audio file as audio using the as key in the JSON.

Imagine you have two file input fields in the same upload form - one to upload a video file and one for an audio file. You can tell Transloadit which field supplies the video and which the audio file using the file input field's name attribute. Just use the value for the name attribute as the value for the fields key in the JSON:

"merged": {
  "robot": "/video/merge",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_video", "as": "video" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_audio", "as": "audio" }
    ],
    "bundle_steps": true
  }
}

You can also supply the video and audio file using other Assembly Steps of course and leave out the fields attribute.

Important when merging audio and video files, it's recommended to set target a format & codecs via a preset or via ffmpeg.codec:v, ffmpeg.codec:a and ffmpeg.f. If not, merging will default to backwards compatible, but non-desirable legacy codecs.

Merging Several Images to Generate a Video

It is possible to create a video from images with Transloadit. Just label all images as image using the as key in the JSON:

"merged": {
  "robot": "/video/merge",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "as": "image" }
    ],
    "bundle_steps": true
  },
  "framerate": "1/10",
  "duration": 8.5
}

This will work fine in a multi-file upload context. Files are sorted by their basename. So if you name them 01.jpeg and 02.jpeg, they will be merged in the correct order.

You can also supply your images using other Assembly Steps of course, results from /image/resize Steps for example.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "flash"

Generates the video according to pre-configured video presets. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default "flash" preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the flash preset's values manually.
width integer(1-1920) ⋅ default is Width of the input image

Width of the generated video, in pixels.
height integer(1-1080) ⋅ default is Height of the input image

Height of the generated video, in pixels.
resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "pad"

If the given width/height parameters are bigger than the input image's dimensions, then the resize_strategy determines how the image will be resized to match the provided width/height. See the available resize strategies.
background string ⋅ default is "00000000"

The background color of the resulting video the "rrggbbaa" format (red, green, blue, alpha) when used with the "pad" resize strategy. The default color is black.
framerate string ⋅ default is "1/5"

When merging images to generate a video this is the input framerate. A value of "1/5" means each image is given 5 seconds before the next frame appears (the inverse of a framerate of "5"). Likewise for "1/10", "1/20", etc. A value of "5" means there are 5 frames per second.
duration float ⋅ default is 5.0

When merging images to generate a video or when merging audio and video this is the desired target duration in seconds. The float value can take one decimal digit. If you want all images to be displayed exactly once, then you can set the duration according to this formula: duration = numberOfImages / framerate. This also works for the inverse framerate values like 1/5. If you set this value to null, then the duration of the input audio file will be used.
audio_delay float ⋅ default is 0.0

When merging a video and an audio file, and when merging images and an audio file to generate a video, this is the desired delay in seconds for the audio file to start playing. Imagine you merge a video file without sound and an audio file, but you wish the audio to start playing after 5 seconds and not immediately, then this is the parameter to use.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset.

Demos featuring the /video/merge Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/merge Robot on our blog:

Tutorial: Using /video/merge to develop video slideshows June 14, 2019
Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015
Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014
A Happy 2014 from Transloadit! January 14, 2014
Merging Image and Audio Files to Create Videos August 7, 2013

Add subtitles to videos

The /video/subtitle Robot adds subtitles to videos.

This Robot supports both SRT and VTT subtitle files.

Imagine you have two file input fields in the same upload form - one for a video file and one for an SRT or VTT subtitle file. They are named input_video and input_srt (with the HTML name attribute). This is how you would go about adding the SRT subtitles into the video with Transloadit:

"subtitled": {
  "robot": "/video/subtitle",
  "preset": "ipad-high",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "input_video", "as": "video" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "input_srt", "as": "subtitles" }
    ]
  }
}

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "empty"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. By default, no settings are applied and the original settings of the video are preserved. For a list of video presets, see video presets.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

Demos featuring the /video/subtitle Robot

Burn subtitles into a video

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/subtitle Robot on our blog:

An introduction to the Subtitle Robot December 6, 2018

The /video/thumbs Robot extracts any number of images from videos for use as previews.

Note Even though thumbnails are extracted from videos in parallel, we sort the thumbnails before adding them to the Assembly results. So the order in which they appear there reflects the order in which they appear in the video. You can also make sure by checking the thumb_index meta key.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
count integer(1-999) ⋅ default is 8

The number of thumbnails to be extracted. As some videos have incorrect durations, the actual number of thumbnails generated may be less in rare cases. The maximum number of thumbnails we currently allow is 999.
offsets array of integers / array of strings ⋅ default is []

An array of offsets representing seconds of the file duration, such as [ 2, 45, 120 ]. Millisecond durations of a file can also be used by using decimal place values. For example, an offset from 1250 milliseconds would be represented with 1.25. Offsets can also be percentage values such as [ "2%", "50%", "75%" ]. This option cannot be used with the count parameter, and takes precedence if both are specified. Out-of-range offsets are silently ignored.
format string ⋅ default is "jpeg"

The format of the extracted thumbnail. Supported values are "jpg", "jpeg" and "png". Even if you specify the format to be "jpeg" the resulting thumbnails will have a "jpg" file extension.
width integer(1-1920) ⋅ default is Width of the video

The width of the thumbnail, in pixels.
height integer(1-1080) ⋅ default is Height of the video

The height of the thumbnail, in pixels.
resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "pad"

One of the available resize strategies.
background string ⋅ default is "00000000"

The background color of the resulting thumbnails in the "rrggbbaa" format (red, green, blue, alpha) when used with the "pad" resize strategy. The default color is black.
rotate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Forces the video to be rotated by the specified degree integer. Currently, only multiples of 90 are supported. We automatically correct the orientation of many videos when the orientation is provided by the camera. This option is only useful for videos requiring rotation because it was not detected by the camera.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.

Demos featuring the /video/thumbs Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /video/thumbs Robot on our blog:

Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015
Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015

Video Encoding Presets

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v1.0.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency	Video codec	Video bitrate	Video resolution
`android-high`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`android-low`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`64k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`android`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`flash`	`flv`	`libmp3lame`	`64k`	`44100`	`flv`	`512k`	`320x240`
`ipad-high`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`1200k`	`1024x768`
`ipad-low`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`1024x768`
`ipad`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`1024x768`
`iphone-high`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`iphone-low`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`64k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`iphone`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`ogv`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libtheora`	`700k`
`webm`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libvpx`	`700k`
`wmv`	`asf`	`wmav2`			`wmv2`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.0.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency	Video codec	Video bitrate	Video resolution
`android-high`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`android-low`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`64k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`android`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`flash`	`flv`	`libmp3lame`	`64k`	`44100`	`flv`	`512k`	`320x240`
`ipad-high`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`1200k`	`1024x768`
`ipad-low`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`1024x768`
`ipad`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`1024x768`
`iphone-high`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`iphone-low`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`64k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`iphone`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128k`	`48k`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`ogv`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libtheora`	`700k`
`webm`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libvpx`	`700k`
`wmv`	`asf`	`wmav2`			`wmv2`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.1.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency	Video codec	Video bitrate	Video resolution
`android-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`android-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`android`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`flash`	`flv`	`libmp3lame`	`64k`	`44100`	`flv`	`512k`	`320x240`
`ipad-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1200k`	`1024x768`
`ipad-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512k`	`1024x768`
`ipad`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700k`	`1024x768`
`iphone-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700k`	`480x320`
`iphone-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96k`	`480x320`
`iphone`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512k`	`480x320`
`ogv`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libtheora`	`700k`
`webm`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128k`	`48k`	`libvpx`	`700k`
`wmv`	`asf`	`wmav2`			`wmv2`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.2.3" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency	Video codec	Video bitrate	Video resolution
`android-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`480x320`
`android-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96000`	`480x320`
`android`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`480x320`
`dash-1080p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`dash-270p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`460000`	`480x270`
`dash-360p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`800000`	`640x360`
`dash-480p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`1300000`	`854x480`
`dash-540p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`1850000`	`960x540`
`dash-576p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`dash-720p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`3300000`	`1280x720`
`flash`	`flv`	`libmp3lame`	`64000`	`44100`	`flv`	`512000`	`320x240`
`hls-1080p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`256000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`hls-270p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`32000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`550000`	`480x270`
`hls-360p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`64000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1000000`	`640x260`
`hls-480p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`64000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1300000`	`854x480`
`hls-540p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1600000`	`960x540`
`hls-576p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`hls-720p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`192000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`4000000`	`1280x720`
`ipad-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1200000`	`1024x768`
`ipad-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`1024x768`
`ipad`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`1024x768`
`iphone-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`480x320`
`iphone-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96000`	`480x320`
`iphone`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`480x320`
`ogv`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libtheora`	`700000`
`webm-1080p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`256000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`webm-270p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`460000`	`480x270`
`webm-360p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`800000`	`640x360`
`webm-480p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`1400000`	`960x540`
`webm-540p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`1850000`	`960x540`
`webm-576p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`webm-720p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`192000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`3300000`	`1280x720`
`webm`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`700000`
`wmv`	`asf`	`wmav2`			`wmv2`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

The hls- and dash- presets are intended for use in combination with our /video/adaptive Robot.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v3.3.3" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency	Video codec	Video bitrate	Video resolution
`android-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`480x320`
`android-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96000`	`480x320`
`android`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`480x320`
`dash-1080p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`dash-270p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`460000`	`480x270`
`dash-360p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`800000`	`640x360`
`dash-480p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`1300000`	`854x480`
`dash-540p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`1850000`	`960x540`
`dash-576p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`dash-720p-video`	`mp4`				`libx264`	`3300000`	`1280x720`
`flash`	`flv`	`libmp3lame`	`64000`	`44100`	`flv`	`512000`	`320x240`
`hevc`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128k`	`44100`	`libx265`	`1200000`
`hls-1080p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`256000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`hls-270p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`32000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`550000`	`480x270`
`hls-360p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`64000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1000000`	`640x260`
`hls-480p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`64000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1300000`	`854x480`
`hls-540p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1600000`	`960x540`
`hls-576p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`hls-720p`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`192000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`4000000`	`1280x720`
`ipad-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`1200000`	`1024x768`
`ipad-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`1024x768`
`ipad`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`1024x768`
`iphone-high`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`700000`	`480x320`
`iphone-low`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`96000`	`480x320`
`iphone`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`	`libx264`	`512000`	`480x320`
`ogv`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libtheora`	`700000`
`webm-1080p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`256000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`7500000`	`1920x1080`
`webm-270p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`460000`	`480x270`
`webm-360p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`800000`	`640x360`
`webm-480p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`64000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`1400000`	`960x540`
`webm-540p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`1850000`	`960x540`
`webm-576p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`2100000`	`1024x576`
`webm-720p`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`192000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`3300000`	`1280x720`
`webm`	`webm`	`libvorbis`	`128000`	`48000`	`libvpx`	`700000`
`wmv`	`asf`	`wmav2`			`wmv2`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

The hls- and dash- presets are intended for use in combination with our /video/adaptive Robot.

Audio Encoding

Extract or insert audio artwork

The /audio/artwork Robot extracts the embedded cover artwork from audio files and allows you to pipe it into other Steps, for example into /image/resize Steps. It can also insert images into audio files as cover artwork.

For extraction this Robot uses the image format with which the cover was encoded into the audio file - most of the time this should be jpg.

If you need the image in a different format, please pipe the result of this Robot into the /image/resize Robot.

The method parameter determines whether to extract or insert.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
method string ⋅ default is "extract"

What should be done with the audio file. A value of "extract" means audio artwork will be extract. A value of "insert" means the provided image will be inserted as audio artwork.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.

Demos featuring the /audio/artwork Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/artwork Robot on our blog:

Adding support for audio artwork insertion March 10, 2016
On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014
Releasing our new /audio/artwork Robot June 20, 2014

Concatenate audio

The /audio/concat Robot concatenates several audio files together.

It is possible to concatenate a virtually infinite number of audio files using the /audio/concat Robot.

Imagine you have three file input fields in the same upload form for audio files that you want to concatenate. You can tell Transloadit in which order it should concatenate them using the file input field's name attribute. Just use the value for the name attribute as the value for the fields key in the JSON. Then set the proper order in the as parameter. Valid values here are audio_[[index]]. Transloadit will then concatenate them in the order of the index ascending:

"concatenated": {
  "robot": "/audio/concat",
  "preset": "mp3",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "first_audio_file", "as": "audio_1" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "second_audio_file", "as": "audio_2" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "third_audio_file", "as": "audio_3" }
    ]
  }
}

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "mp3"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default mp3 preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the MP3 preset's values manually. For a list of audio presets, see audio presets.
bitrate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Bit rate of the resulting audio file, in bits per second. If not specified will default to the bit rate of the input audio file
sample_rate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Sample rate of the resulting audio file, in Hertz. If not specified will default to the sample rate of the input audio file
audio_fade_seconds float ⋅ default is 1.0

When used this adds an audio fade in and out effect between each section of your concatenated audio file. The float value is used so if you want an audio delay effect of 500 milliseconds between each video section you would select 0.5, however, integer values can also be represented. This parameter does not add an audio fade effect at the beginning or end of your result audio file. If you want to do so, create an additional /audio/encode step and use our ffmpeg parameter as shown in this demo.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

Demos featuring the /audio/concat Robot

Concatenate two audio files

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/concat Robot on our blog:

Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Adding Four New Robots to Our Family! September 24, 2015
Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015

Encode audio

The /audio/encode Robot converts audio files into all kinds of formats for you. We provide encoding presets for the most common formats.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "mp3"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default mp3 preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the mp3 preset's values manually. For a list of audio presets, see audio presets.
bitrate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Bit rate of the resulting audio file, in bits per second. If not specified will default to the bit rate of the input audio file
sample_rate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Sample rate of the resulting audio file, in Hertz. If not specified will default to the sample rate of the input audio file

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

HLS Parameters

This Robot used to support HLS parameters but we now recommend using our specialized /video/adaptive Robot instead.

Demos featuring the /audio/encode Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/encode Robot on our blog:

How Transloadit helps to keep the records spinning at Promo Push November 17, 2016
Adding support for MPEG-Dash October 11, 2016
Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015
Helping Coursera Bring Education to Millions Around the World February 11, 2015
Adding Support for Audio Encoding November 21, 2011

Loop audio

The /audio/loop Robot loops one audio file as often as is required to match a given duration.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "mp3"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default mp3 preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the mp3 preset's values manually. For a list of audio presets, see audio presets.
bitrate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Bit rate of the resulting audio file, in bits per second. If not specified will default to the bit rate of the input audio file
sample_rate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Sample rate of the resulting audio file, in Hertz. If not specified will default to the sample rate of the input audio file
duration float ⋅ default is 60.0

Target duration for the whole process in seconds. The Robot will loop the input audio file for as long as this target duration is not reached yet.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

Demos featuring the /audio/loop Robot

Audio looping

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/loop Robot on our blog:

Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Adding Four New Robots to Our Family! September 24, 2015

Merge audio files into one

The /audio/merge Robot overlays several audio files on top of each other.

It is possible to merge a virtually infinite number of audio files using the /audio/merge Robot.

Imagine you have three file input fields in the same upload form for audio files that you want to merge. You can tell Transloadit to merge them using the file input field's name attribute. Just use the value for the name attribute as the value for the fields key in the JSON and audio as the as parameter:

"merged": {
  "robot": "/audio/merge",
  "preset": "mp3",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "first_audio_file", "as": "audio" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "second_audio_file", "as": "audio" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "third_audio_file", "as": "audio" }
    ]
  }
}

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
preset string ⋅ default is "mp3"

Performs conversion using pre-configured settings. If you specify your own FFmpeg parameters using the Robot's ffmpeg parameter and you have not specified a preset, then the default "mp3" preset is not applied. This is to prevent you from having to override each of the mp3 preset's values manually. For a list of audio presets, see audio presets.
bitrate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Bit rate of the resulting audio file, in bits per second. If not specified will default to the bit rate of the input audio file
sample_rate integer ⋅ default is Auto

Sample rate of the resulting audio file, in Hertz. If not specified will default to the sample rate of the input audio file
duration string ⋅ default is "longest"

Duration of the output file compared to the duration of all merged audio files. Can be "first" (duration of the first input file), "shortest" (duration of the shortest audio file) or "longest" for the duration of the longest input file.
loop boolean ⋅ default is false

Specifies if any input files that do not match the target duration should be looped to match it. Useful for audio merging where your overlay file is typically much shorter than the main audio file.
volume string ⋅ default is "average"

Valid values are "average" and "sum" here. While "average" does not manipulate the input audio, "sum" will use audio multiplication, which means it will generally make the volume higher.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.
ffmpeg object ⋅ default is {}

A parameter object to be passed to FFmpeg. If a preset is used, the options specified are merged on top of the ones from the preset. For available options, see the FFmpeg documentation. Options specified here take precedence over the preset options.

Demos featuring the /audio/merge Robot

Add watermark to a song

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/merge Robot on our blog:

Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Adding Four New Robots to Our Family! September 24, 2015

Generate waveform images from audio

The /audio/waveform Robot generates waveform images for your audio files and allows you to change their colors and dimensions.

We recommend that you use an /audio/encode Step prior to your waveform Step to convert audio files to MP3. This way it is guaranteed that the /audio/waveform Robot accepts your audio file and you can also down-sample large audio files and save some money.

Similarly, if you need the output image in a different format, please pipe the result of this Robot into the /image/resize Robot.

Here is an example waveform image:

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
format string ⋅ default is "image"

The format of the result file. Can be "image" or "json".
width integer ⋅ default is 256

The width of the resulting image if the format "image" was selected.
height integer ⋅ default is 64

The height of the resulting image if the format "image" was selected.
background_color string ⋅ default is "00000000"

The background color of the resulting image in the "rrggbbaa" format (red, green, blue, alpha), if the format "image" was selected.
center_color string ⋅ default is "000000ff"

The color used in the center of the gradient. The format is "rrggbbaa" (red, green, blue, alpha).
outer_color string ⋅ default is "000000ff"

The color used in the outer parts of the gradient. The format is "rrggbbaa" (red, green, blue, alpha).

Demos featuring the /audio/waveform Robot

Generate a waveform image from an audio file

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /audio/waveform Robot on our blog:

Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
Adding Support for Waveform Images November 22, 2012

Audio Encoding Presets

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v1.0.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency
`aac`	`mp4`	`libfaac`	`128000`	`44100`
`alac`	`ipod`	`alac`	`128000`	`44100`
`flac`	`flac`	`flac`	`128000`	`44100`
`mp3`	`mp3`	`libmp3lame`	`128000`	`44100`
`ogg`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`
`wav`	`wav`	`pcm_s16le`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.0.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency
`aac`	`mp4`	`libvo_aacenc`	`128000`	`44100`
`alac`	`ipod`	`alac`	`128000`	`44100`
`flac`	`flac`	`flac`	`128000`	`44100`
`mp3`	`mp3`	`libmp3lame`	`128000`	`44100`
`ogg`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`
`wav`	`wav`	`pcm_s16le`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.1.0" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency
`aac`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`
`alac`	`ipod`	`alac`	`128000`	`44100`
`flac`	`flac`	`flac`	`128000`	`44100`
`mp3`	`mp3`	`libmp3lame`	`128000`	`44100`
`ogg`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`
`wav`	`wav`	`pcm_s16le`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v2.2.3" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency
`aac`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`
`alac`	`ipod`	`alac`	`128000`	`44100`
`dash-128k-audio`	`mp4`		`128000`	`44100`
`dash-256k-audio`	`mp4`		`256000`	`44100`
`dash-32k-audio`	`mp4`		`32000`	`44100`
`dash-64k-audio`	`mp4`		`64000`	`44100`
`flac`	`flac`		`128000`	`44100`
`mp3`	`mp3`	`libmp3lame`	`128000`	`44100`
`ogg`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`
`wav`	`wav`	`pcm_s16le`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

The hls- and dash- presets are intended for use in combination with our /video/adaptive Robot.

These are supported if you were to specify ffmpeg_stack: "v3.3.3" in your Assembly Instructions. The recommended version is: v3.3.3

Name	Format	Audio codec	Audio bitrate	Audio frequency
`aac`	`mp4`	`libfdk_aac`	`128000`	`44100`
`alac`	`ipod`	`alac`	`128000`	`44100`
`dash-128k-audio`	`mp4`		`128000`	`44100`
`dash-256k-audio`	`mp4`		`256000`	`44100`
`dash-32k-audio`	`mp4`		`32000`	`44100`
`dash-64k-audio`	`mp4`		`64000`	`44100`
`empty`
`flac`	`flac`		`128000`	`44100`
`mp3`	`mp3`	`libmp3lame`	`128000`	`44100`
`ogg`	`ogg`	`libvorbis`
`opus`	`ogg`	`libopus`	`128000`	`48000`
`wav`	`wav`	`pcm_s16le`

You can override any preset's setting, such as a file's bitrate, or even the file's format & codecs via a Robot's ffmpeg parameter.

The hls- and dash- presets are intended for use in combination with our /video/adaptive Robot.

Image Manipulation

Optimize images without quality loss

The /image/optimize Robot reduces the size of images while maintaining the same visual quality.

With this Robot it's possible to reduce the file size of your JPEG, PNG, GIF, WEBP and SVG images by up to 80% for big images and 65% for small to medium sized ones - while keeping their original quality!

This Robot enables you to lower your storage and bandwidth costs, and improves your user experience and monetization by reducing the load time of image-intensive web pages.

It works well together with the /image/resize Robot to bring the full power of resized and optimized images to your website or app.

Important This Robot accepts all image types and will just pass on unsupported image types unoptimized. Hence, there is no need to set up /file/filter Robot workflows for this.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
priority string ⋅ default is compression-ratio

Provides different algorithms for better or worse compression for your images, but that run slower or faster. Valid values are "compression-ratio" and "conversion-speed". The value "conversion-speed" will result in an average compression ratio of 18%. "compression-ratio" will result in an average compression ratio of 31%.
progressive boolean ⋅ default is false

Interlaces the image if set to true, which makes the result image load progressively in browsers. Instead of rendering the image from top to bottom, the browser will first show a low-res blurry version of the image which is then quickly replaced with the actual image as the data arrives. This greatly increases the user experience, but comes at a loss of about 10% of the file size reduction.
preserve_meta_data boolean ⋅ default is true

Specifies if the image's metadata should be preserved during the optimization, or not. If it is not preserved, the file size is even further reduced. But be aware that this could strip a photographer's copyright information, which for obvious reasons can be frowned upon.
fix_breaking_images boolean ⋅ default is true

If set to true this parameter tries to fix images that would otherwise make the underlying tool error out and thereby break your Assemblies. This can sometimes result in a larger file size, though.

Demos featuring the /image/optimize Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /image/optimize Robot on our blog:

Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Image optimization improvements November 24, 2015
On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014
Better PNG Optimization July 29, 2014
A Happy 2014 from Transloadit! January 14, 2014
Adding Support for Lossless Image Optimization June 6, 2013

Convert, resize, or watermark images

The /image/resize Robot resizes, crops, changes colorization, rotation, and applies text and watermarks to images.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
output_meta object / boolean ⋅ default is {}

Allows you to specify a set of metadata that is more expensive on cpu power to calculate, and thus is disabled by default to keep your Assemblies processing fast. For images, you can add "has_transparency": true in this object to extract if the image contains transparent parts and "dominant_colors": true to extract an array of hexadecimal color codes from the image. You can also set this to false to skip meta data extraction and speed up transcoding.
format string ⋅ default is null

The output format for the modified image. Some of the most important available formats are "jpg", "png", "gif", "tiff" and "pdf". For a complete lists of all formats that we can write to please check our supported image formats list. If null (default), then the input image's format will be used as the output format.
width integer(1-5000) ⋅ default is Auto

Width of the new image, in pixels. If not specified, will default to the width of the input image.
height integer(1-5000) ⋅ default is Auto

Height of the new image, in pixels. If not specified, will default to the height of the input image.
resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "fit"

See the list of available resize strategies.
zoom boolean ⋅ default is true

If this is set to false, smaller images will not be stretched to the desired width and height. For details about the impact of zooming for your preferred resize strategy, see the list of available resize strategies.
crop object / json string ⋅ default is null
Specify an object containing coordinates for the top left and bottom right corners of the rectangle to be cropped from the original image(s). Values can be integers for absolute pixel values or strings for percentage based values. For example:
```
{
  "x1": 80,
  "y1": 100,
  "x2": "60%",
  "y2": "80%"
}
```
will crop the area from (80, 100) to (600, 800) from a 1000x1000 pixels image, which is a square whose width is 520px and height is 700px. If crop is set, the width and height parameters are ignored, and the resize_strategy is set to crop automatically. You can also use a JSON string of such an object with coordinates in similar fashion: "{ \"x1\": <Integer>, \"y1\": <Integer>, \"x2\": <Integer>, \"y2\": <Integer> }" To crop around human faces, see our /image/facedetect Robot.
gravity string ⋅ default is center

The direction from which the image is to be cropped, when "resize_strategy" is set to "crop", but no crop coordinates are defined. The available options are "center", "top", "bottom", "left", and "right". You can also combine options with a hyphen, such as "bottom-right".
strip boolean ⋅ default is false

Strips all metadata from the image. This is useful to keep thumbnails as small as possible.
alpha string ⋅ default is ""

Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image. Valid options are "Activate", "Background", "Copy", "Deactivate", "Extract", "Off", "On", "Opaque", "Remove", "Set", "Shape", "Transparent"
preclip_alpha string ⋅ default is ""

Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image before applying the clipping path via clip: true. Valid options are "Activate", "Background", "Copy", "Deactivate", "Extract", "Off", "On", "Opaque", "Remove", "Set", "Shape", "Transparent"
flatten boolean ⋅ default is true

Flattens all layers onto the specified background to achieve better results from transparent formats to non-transparent formats, as explained in the ImageMagick documentation. To preserve animations, GIF files are not flattened when this is set to true. To flatten GIF animations, use the frame parameter.
correct_gamma boolean ⋅ default is false

Prevents gamma errors common in many image scaling algorithms.
quality integer(1-100) ⋅ default is Quality

Controls the image compression for JPG and PNG images. Please also take a look at our /image/optimize Robot.
Before:

Quality 92 applied:

Quality 40 applied:

If this parameter is not specified it will default to the quality of the input image, or 92
background string ⋅ default is "#FFFFFF"

Either the hexadecimal code or name of the color used to fill the background (only used for the pad resize strategy). By default, the background of transparent images is changed to white. For details about how to preserve transparency across all image types, see this demo.
frame integer / null ⋅ default is null

Use this parameter when dealing with animated GIF files to specify which frame of the GIF is used for the operation. Specify 1 to use the first frame, 2 to use the second, and so on. null means all frames.
colorspace string ⋅ default is ""

Sets the image colorspace. For details about the available values, see the ImageMagick documentation. Please note that if you were using "RGB", we recommend using "sRGB" instead as of 2014-02-04. ImageMagick might try to find the most efficient colorspace based on the color of an image, and default to e.g. "Gray". To force colors, you might then have to use this parameter in combination with type "TrueColor"
type string ⋅ default is ""

Sets the image color type. For details about the available values, see the ImageMagick documentation. If you're using colorspace, ImageMagick might try to find the most efficient based on the color of an image, and default to e.g. "Gray". To force colors, you could e.g. set this parameter to "TrueColor"
sepia integer(0-99) / null ⋅ default is null

Applies a sepia tone effect in percent.
rotation string / boolean / integer ⋅ default is true

Determines whether the image should be rotated. Set this to true to auto-rotate images that are rotated in a wrong way, or depend on EXIF rotation settings. You can also set this to an integer to specify the rotation in degrees. Specify false to disable auto-fixing of images that are rotated in a wrong way.
compress string / null ⋅ default is null

Specifies pixel compression for when the image is written. Valid values are "None", "BZip", "Fax", "Group4", "JPEG", "JPEG2000", "Lossless", "LZW", "RLE", and "Zip". Compression is disabled by default. Please also take a look at our /image/optimize Robot.
blur string / null ⋅ default is null

Specifies gaussian blur, using a value with the form {radius}x{sigma}. The radius value specifies the size of area the operator should look at when spreading pixels, and should typically be either "0" or at least two times the sigma value. The sigma value is an approximation of how many pixels the image is "spread"; think of it as the size of the brush used to blur the image. This number is a floating point value, enabling small values like "0.5" to be used.
progressive boolean ⋅ default is false

Interlaces the image if set to true, which makes the image load progressively in browsers. Instead of rendering the image from top to bottom, the browser will first show a low-res blurry version of the images which is then quickly replaced with the actual image as the data arrives. This greatly increases the user experience, but comes at a cost of a file size increase by around 10%.
transparent string ⋅ default is ""

Make this color transparent within the image.
trim_whitespace boolean ⋅ default is false

This determines if additional whitespace around the image should first be trimmed away. If you set this to true this parameter removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels.
clip boolean / string ⋅ default is false

Apply the clipping path to other operations in the resize job, if one is present. If set to true, it will automatically take the first clipping path. If set to a String it finds a clipping path by that name.
negate boolean ⋅ default is false

Replace each pixel with its complementary color, effectively negating the image. Especially useful when testing clipping.
density string ⋅ default is null

While in-memory quality and file format depth specifies the color resolution, the density of an image is the spatial (space) resolution of the image. That is the density (in pixels per inch) of an image and defines how far apart (or how big) the individual pixels are. It defines the size of the image in real world terms when displayed on devices or printed. You can set this value to a specific width or in the format widthxheight. If your converted image has a low resolution, please try using the density parameter to resolve that.

Text Overlay Parameters

text array of objects ⋅ default is []

An array of objects each containing text rules. The following text parameters are intended to be used as properties for your array of text overlays. Here is an example:

"watermarked": {
  "use": "resized",
  "robot": "/image/resize",
  "imagemagick_stack": "v2.0.7",
  "text": [
    {
      "text": "© 2018 Transloadit.com",
      "size": 12,
      "font": "Ubuntu",
      "color": "#eeeeee",
      "valign": "bottom",
      "align": "right",
      "x_offset": 16,
      "y_offset": -10
    }
  ]
}

Before:

After:

text.*.font string ⋅ default is "Arial"

The font family to use. Also includes boldness and style of the font. Here is a list of all supported fonts.
text.*.size integer ⋅ default is 12

The text size in pixels.
text.*.rotate integer ⋅ default is 0

The rotation angle in degrees.
text.*.color string ⋅ default is "#000000"

The text color. All hex colors in the form "#xxxxxx" are supported, where each x can be 0-9 or a-f. "transparent" is also supported if you want a transparent text color. In that case use "stroke" instead, otherwise your text will not be visible.
text.*.background_color string ⋅ default is "transparent"

The text color. All hex colors in the form "#xxxxxx" are supported, where each x is can be 0-9 or a-f. "transparent" is also supported.
text.*.stroke_width integer ⋅ default is 0

The stroke's width in pixels.
text.*.stroke_color string ⋅ default is "transparent"

The stroke's color. All hex colors in the form "#xxxxxx" are supported, where each x is can be 0-9 or a-f. "transparent" is also supported.
text.*.align string ⋅ default is "center"

The horizontal text alignment. Can be "left", "center" and "right".
text.*.valign string ⋅ default is "center"

The vertical text alignment. Can be "top", "center" and "bottom".
text.*.x_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The horizontal offset for the text in pixels that is added (positive integer) or removed (negative integer) from the horizontal alignment.
text.*.y_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The vertical offset for the text in pixels that is added (positive integer) or removed (negative integer) from the vertical alignment.

Watermarking Parameters

watermark_url string ⋅ default is ""

A URL indicating a PNG image to be overlaid above this image. Please note that you can also supply the watermark via another Assembly Step. With watermarking you can add an image onto another image. This is usually used for logos.

Before:

After:
watermark_position string / array of strings ⋅ default is "center"

The position at which the watermark is placed. The available options are "center", "top", "bottom", "left", and "right". You can also combine options, such as "bottom-right". An array of possible values can also be specified, in which case one value will be selected at random, such as [ "center", "left", "bottom-left", "bottom-right" ]. This setting puts the watermark in the specified corner. To use a specific pixel offset for the watermark, you will need to add the padding to the image itself.
watermark_x_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The x-offset in number of pixels at which the watermark will be placed in relation to the position it has due to watermark_position. Values can be both positive and negative and yield different results depending on the watermark_position parameter. Positive values move the watermark closer to the image's center point, whereas negative values move the watermark further away from the image's center point.
watermark_y_offset integer ⋅ default is 0

The y-offset in number of pixels at which the watermark will be placed in relation to the position it has due to watermark_position. Values can be both positive and negative and yield different results depending on the watermark_position parameter. Positive values move the watermark closer to the image's center point, whereas negative values move the watermark further away from the image's center point.
watermark_size string ⋅ default is ""

The size of the watermark, as a percentage. For example, a value of "50%" means that size of the watermark will be 50% of the size of image on which it is placed. The exact sizing depends on watermark_resize_strategy, too.
watermark_resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "fit"

Available values are "fit", "stretch" and "area". To explain how the resize strategies work, let's assume our target image size is 800×800 pixels and our watermark image is 400×300 pixels. Let's also assume, the watermark_size parameter is set to "25%". For the "fit" resize strategy, the watermark is scaled so that the longer side of the watermark takes up 25% of the corresponding image side. And the other side is scaled according to the aspect ratio of the watermark image. So with our watermark, the width is the longer side, and 25% of the image size would be 200px. Hence, the watermark would be resized to 200×150 pixels. If the watermark_size was set to "50%"", it would be resized to 400×300 pixels (so just left at its original size). For the "stretch" resize strategy, the watermark is stretched (meaning, it is resized without keeping its aspect ratio in mind) so that both sides take up 25% of the corresponding image side. Since our image is 800×800 pixels, for a watermark size of 25% the watermark would be resized to 200×200 pixels. Its height would appear stretched, because keeping the aspect ratio in mind it would be resized to 200×150 pixels instead. For the "area" resize strategy, the watermark is resized (keeping its aspect ratio in check) so that it covers "xx%" of the video's surface area. The value from watermark_size is used for the percentage area size.

ImageMagick Parameters

imagemagick_stack string ⋅ default is "v2.0.7"

Selects the ImageMagick stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real ImageMagick versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom ImageMagick builds. The current recommendation is to use "v2.0.7" Other valid values can be found here.

Supplying the Watermark via an Assembly Step

You can also pass both the base image file and the watermark image to an Assembly Step via the use parameter, allowing you to have both be part of the upload, or to use the results of other Assembly Steps as input to your /image/resize Step.

For this to work, you just need to use the as-syntax:

"my_image_step": {
  "robot": "/image/resize",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "as": "base" },
      { "name": "watermark_step", "as": "watermark" }
    ]
  }
}

Here the output of a watermark_step step is used as the watermark whereas the base image is taken from the uploaded files.

If you use several file input fields, then you can tell Transloadit which field supplies the base image and which the watermark. Suppose you have two file input fields named the_image and the_watermark. These Assembly Instructions will make it work using the fields condition:

"my_image_step": {
  "robot": "/image/resize",
  "use": {
    "steps": [
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_image", "as": "base" },
      { "name": ":original", "fields": "the_watermark", "as": "watermark" }
    ]
  }
}

Please note that the Robot's watermark_url parameter will still continue to work.

Resize Strategies

The examples below show how the resize_strategy impacts resizing a 400×300 pixel image to 100×100 pixels:

`fit`

Uses the larger side of the original image as a base for the resize. Aspect ratio is preserved. Either side will become at most 100 pixels.

For example: resizing a 400×300 image into 100×100, would produce a 100×75 image.

Before

Larger side

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

100 px

desert-fit.jpg

4.6 KB ⋅ 100×75

`fillcrop`

Scales the image to fit into our 100×100 target while preserving aspect ratio, while trimming away any excess surface. This means both sides will become exactly 100 pixels, at the tradeoff of destroying parts of the image.

By default the resulting image is horizontally/vertically centered to fill the target rectangle. Use the gravity parameter to change where to crop the image, such as "bottom" or "left".

Before

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

desert-fillcrop.jpg

5 KB ⋅ 100×100

`min_fit`

Uses the smaller side of the original image as a base for the resize. After resizing, the larger side will have a larger value than specified. Aspect ratio is preserved. Either side will become at least 100 pixels.

For example: resizing a 400×300 image into 100×100, would produce a 133×100 image.

Before

Smaller side

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

100 px

desert-min_fit.jpg

5.4 KB ⋅ 133×100

`pad`

Scales the image to fit while preserving aspect ratio. Both sides of the resized image become exactly 100 pixels, and any remaining surface is filled with a background color.

In this example, the background color is determined by the Assembly Variable ${file.meta.average_color}. If you set zoom to false (default is true), smaller images will be centered horizontally and vertically, and have the background padding all around them.

Before

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

desert-pad.jpg

4.7 KB ⋅ 100×100

`stretch`

Ignores aspect ratio, resizing the image to the exact width and height specified. This may result in a stretched or distorted image.

Before

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

desert-stretch.jpg

5 KB ⋅ 100×100

`crop`

Cuts an area out of an image, discarding any overlapping parts. If the source image is smaller than the crop frame, it will be zoomed. This strategy is implied when you specify coordinates in the crop parameter, and cannot be used without it.

To crop around human faces, see our /image/facedetect Robot instead.

Before

desert.jpg

19 KB ⋅ 400×300

After

desert-crop.jpg

4.3 KB ⋅ 100×100

Demos featuring the /image/resize Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /image/resize Robot on our blog:

Ghostscript security incident (VU#332928) August 30, 2018
Accidental breaking change for the crop resize strategy June 6, 2018
Launching a new version of ImageMagick July 20, 2017
A word on ImageTragick (CVE-2016–3714) May 4, 2016
Performance Upgrades March 4, 2015
Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014
We Have Added Support for SVG Images March 23, 2013
Adding Support for Image Interlacing December 11, 2012
Adding Support for Image Blurring October 21, 2012
New Resize Strategy `fillcrop` Available February 14, 2012
Adding Support for Audio Encoding November 21, 2011
New `frame` Parameter for the /image/resize Robot May 26, 2011
Adding More Options to Our Image Resize Robot May 9, 2011
Now Offering Support for Image Rotation April 1, 2011
Adding Support for Cropping by Coordinates January 31, 2011
Is Your Image Scaling Software Up To Scratch? October 15, 2010

Artificial Intelligence

Recognize objects in images

The /image/describe Robot recognizes objects in images and returns them as English words.

As mentioned this Robot enables you to recognize objects on images.

You can use the labels that we return in your application to automatically classify images. You can also pass the labels down to other Robots to filter images that contain (or do not contain) certain content.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
provider string required

Which AI provider to leverage. Valid values are "aws" and "gcp". Transloadit outsources this task and abstracts the interface so you can expect the same data structures, but different latencies and information being returned. Different cloud vendors have different areas they shine in, and we recommend to try out and see what yields the best results for your use case.
granularity string ⋅ default is "full"

Wether to return a flow blown response ("full"), or a flat list of descriptions ("list").
format string ⋅ default is "json"

In what format to return the descriptions. "json" returns a JSON file. "meta" does not return a file, but stores the data inside Transloadit's file object (under ${file.meta.descriptions}) that's passed around between encoding Steps, so that you can use the values to burn the data into videos, filter on them, etc.

Demos featuring the /image/describe Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /image/describe Robot on our blog:

🧠 Tech Preview of our new AI bots February 17, 2020

Detect faces in images

The /image/facedetect Robot detects faces in images and returns their coordinates, or cuts them from the original images and returns those as new images.

As mentioned this Robot enables you to detect and extract human faces from your images. You can also specify a padding around the extracted faces.

It works well together with the /image/resize Robot to bring the full power of resized and optimized images to your website or app.

Important This Robot accepts all image types. By giving the format parameter the value "preserve" the result face images will have the same image format (JPG, PNG, etc.).

You can improve the accuracy with these tips:

Please ensure that your pictures have the correct orientation. This Robot achieves the best performance when the faces in the image are oriented upright and not rotated.
If the Robot detects objects other than a face, you can use "faces": "max-confidence" within your Template for selecting only the detection with the highest confidence.
The number of returned detections can also be controlled using the min_confidence parameter. Increasing its value will yield less results but each with a higher confidence. Decreasing the value on the other hand will provide more results but may also include objects other than faces.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
crop boolean ⋅ default is false

Determine if the detected faces should be extracted. If this option is set to false, then the Robot returns the input image again, but with the coordinates of all detected faces attached to file.meta.faces in the result JSON. If this parameter is set to true, the Robot will output all detected faces as images.
crop_padding string ⋅ default is "5px"

Specifies how much padding is added to the extracted face images if crop is set to true. Values can be in px (pixels) or % (percentage of the width and height of the particular face image).
format string ⋅ default is "preserve"

Determines the output format of the extracted face images if crop is set to true. The default value "preserve" means that the input image format is re-used. Valid values are "jpg", "png", "tiff" and "preserve".
min_confidence integer(0-100) ⋅ default is 70

Specifies the minimum confidence that a detected face must have. Only faces which have a higher confidence value than this threshold will be included in the result.
faces string / integer ⋅ default is "each"

Determines which of the detected faces should be returned. Valid values are:
- "each": Each face is returned individually.
- "max-confidence": Only the face with the highest confidence value is returned.
- "max-size": Only the face with the largest area is returned.
- "group": All detected faces are grouped together into one rectangle that contains all faces.
- any integer: The faces are sorted by their top-left corner and the integer determines the index of the returned face. Be aware the values are zero-indexed, meaning that faces: 0 will return the first face. If no face for a given index exists, no output is produced.

For the following examples, the input image is:

faces: "each" applied:

faces: "max-confidence" applied:

faces: "max-size" applied:

faces: "group" applied:

faces: 0 applied:

Demos featuring the /image/facedetect Robot

Detect faces in images

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /image/facedetect Robot on our blog:

🧠 Tech Preview of our new AI bots February 17, 2020
Showcase of the new faces parameter for the /image/facedetect Robot October 25, 2019
Adding support for image face detection February 5, 2016

Transcribe speech in audio or video files

The /speech/transcribe Robot transcribes speech in audio or video files.

As mentioned this Robot enables you to transcribe speech in audio or video files.

You can use the text that we return in your application, or you can pass the text down to other Robots to filter audio or video files that contain (or do not contain) certain content, or burn the text into images or video for example.

Another common use case is automatically subtitling videos, or making audio searchable.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
provider string required

Which AI provider to leverage. Valid values are "aws" and "gcp". Transloadit outsources this task and abstracts the interface so you can expect the same data structures, but different latencies and information being returned. Different cloud vendors have different areas they shine in, and we recommend to try out and see what yields the best results for your use case.
granularity string ⋅ default is "full"

Wether to return a flow blown response ("full"), or a flat list of descriptions ("list").
format string ⋅ default is "json"

In what format to return the descriptions. "text" returns a plain text file that you can store and process. "json" returns a JSON file. "meta" does not return a file, but stores the data inside Transloadit's file object (under ${file.meta.transcription.text}) that's passed around between encoding Steps, so that you can use the values to burn the data into videos, filter on them, etc.

Demos featuring the /speech/transcribe Robot

Transcribe speech in audio or video files

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /speech/transcribe Robot on our blog:

🧠 Tech Preview of our new AI bots February 17, 2020

Document Processing

Convert documents into different formats

The /document/convert Robot converts documents into different formats.

This Robot can convert files to PDF, but cannot convert PDFs to different formats. If you want to convert PDFs to say, JPEG or TIFF, use the /image/resize Robot. If you want to turn them into text files or recognize (OCR) them to make them searchable, reach out, as we have a new Robot in the works for this.

Sometimes, a certain file type might not support what you are trying to accomplish. Perhaps your company is trying to automate document formatting, but it only works with docx, so all your docs need to be converted. Or maybe your stored jpg files are taking up too much space and you want a lighter format. Whatever the case, we have you covered.

Using this Robot, you can bypass the issues that certain file types may bring, by converting your file into the most suitable format. This also works in conjunction with our other Robots, allowing for even greater versatility when using our services.

Important A general rule of this Robot is that converting files into an alien format category will result in an error. For example, SRT files can be converted into the VTT format, but not to an image.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
format string ⋅ default is ""

The desired format for document conversion. We support the following values: doc, docx, html, xhtml, xml, pdf, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, svg, ai, eps, ps, txt, text, csv, xls, xlsx, xla, oda, odt, odd, ott, ppt, pptx, ppz, pps, pot, rtf, rtx, latex, vtt, and srt.

Demos featuring the /document/convert Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /document/convert Robot on our blog:

Re-loadit: the /document/convert Robot November 16, 2019

Extract thumbnail images from documents

The /document/thumbs Robot generates an image for each page in a PDF file or an animated gif file that loops through all pages.

Things to Keep in Mind

If you convert a multi-page PDF file into several images, all result images will be sorted with the first image being the thumbnail of the first document page, etc.
You can also check the meta.thumb_index key of each result image to find out which page it corresponds to. Keep in mind that these thumb indices start at 0 and not at 1!

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
page integer / null ⋅ default is null

The PDF's page that you want to convert to an image. By default the value is null which means that all pages will be converted into images.
format string ⋅ default is "png"

The format of the extracted image(s). Supported values are "jpeg", "jpg", "gif" and "png". If you specify the value "gif" then an animated gif cycling through all pages is created. Please check out this demo to learn more about this.
delay integer / null ⋅ default is null

If your output format is "gif" then this parameter sets the number of 100th seconds to pass before the next frame is shown in the animation. Set this to 100 for example to allow 1 second to pass between the frames of the animated gif. If your output format is not "gif", then this parameter does not have any effect.
width integer(1-5000) ⋅ default is Auto

Width of the new image, in pixels. If not specified, will default to the width of the input image
height integer(1-5000) ⋅ default is Auto

Height of the new image, in pixels. If not specified, will default to the height of the input image
resize_strategy string ⋅ default is "pad"

One of the available resize strategies.
background string ⋅ default is "#FFFFFF"

Either the hexadecimal code or name of the color used to fill the background (only used for the pad resize strategy). Note by default, the background of transparent images is changed to white. For details about how to preserve transparency across all image types, see this demo.
alpha string ⋅ default is ""

Change how the alpha channel of the resulting image should work. Valid values are "Set" to enable transparency and "Remove" to remove transparency. For a list of all valid values please check the ImageMagick documentation here.
density string / null ⋅ default is null

While in-memory quality and file format depth specifies the color resolution, the density of an image is the spatial (space) resolution of the image. That is the density (in pixels per inch) of an image and defines how far apart (or how big) the individual pixels are. It defines the size of the image in real world terms when displayed on devices or printed. You can set this value to a specific width or in the format widthxheight. If your converted image has a low resolution, please try using the density parameter to resolve that.
colorspace string ⋅ default is ""

Sets the image colorspace. For details about the available values, see the ImageMagick documentation. Please note that if you were using "RGB", we recommend using "sRGB". ImageMagick might try to find the most efficient colorspace based on the color of an image, and default to e.g. "Gray". To force colors, you might then have to use this parameter.
trim_whitespace boolean ⋅ default is true

This determines if additional whitespace around the PDF should first be trimmed away before it is converted to an image. If you set this to true only the real PDF page contents will be shown in the image. If you need to reflect the PDF's dimensions in your image, it is generally a good idea to set this to false.
pdf_use_cropbox boolean ⋅ default is true

Some PDF documents lie about their dimensions. For instance they'll say they are landscape, but when opened in decent Desktop readers, it's really in portrait mode. This can happen if the document has a cropbox defined. When this option is enabled (by default), the cropbox is leading in determining the dimensions of the resulting thumbnails.

ImageMagick Parameters

imagemagick_stack string ⋅ default is "v2.0.7"

Selects the ImageMagick stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real ImageMagick versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom ImageMagick builds. The current recommendation is to use "v2.0.7" Other valid values can be found here.

Demos featuring the /document/thumbs Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /document/thumbs Robot on our blog:

Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
Adding `density` parameter to our /document/thumbs Robot April 17, 2013
Convert PDF Files Into Animated Gifs - Animation Delays Now Supported December 12, 2012
Make Document Thumbnails With Transloadit November 1, 2012

Take screenshots of webpages or html files

The /html/convert Robot takes screenshots of web pages or uploaded HTML pages.

A URL can be provided instead of an input HTML file, to capture a screenshot from the website referenced by the URL.

Use the /image/resize Robot to resize or crop the screenshot as needed.

Note A validation error will occur if neither an HTML file is uploaded nor a URL parameter is given.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
url string / null ⋅ default is null

The URL of the web page to be converted. Optional, as you can also upload/import HTML files and pass it to this Robot
format string ⋅ default is "png"

The format of the resulting image. The supported values are "pdf", "jpg","jpeg", and "png".
fullpage boolean ⋅ default is true

Determines if a screenshot of the full page should be taken or not. If set to true, the height parameter will not have any effect, as heights of websites vary. You can control the size of the resulting image somewhat, though, by setting the width parameter. If set to false, an image will be cropped from the top of the webpage according to your width and height parameters.
omit_background boolean ⋅ default is false

Determines whether to preserve a transparent background in HTML pages. Useful if you're generating artwork in HTML that you want to overlay on e.g. a video. The default of false fills transparent areas with a white background, for easier reading/printing. This parameter is only used when format is not pdf.
width integer ⋅ default is 1024

The screen width that will be used, in pixels. Change this to change the dimensions of the resulting image.
height integer ⋅ default is 768

The screen height that will be used, in pixels. By default this equals the length of the web page in pixels if fullpage is set to true. If fullpage is set to false, the height parameter takes effect and defaults to the value 768.
delay integer ⋅ default is 0

The delay (in milliseconds) applied to allow the page and all of its JavaScript to render before taking the screenshot.

Demos featuring the /html/convert Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /html/convert Robot on our blog:

New Parameters for the /html/convert Robot April 29, 2013
Two New Robots and More Features March 30, 2012

File Filtering

Filter files

The /file/filter Robot directs files to different encoding Steps based on your conditions.

Think of this Robot as your if/else checks to construct advanced file conversion workflows and to not convert certain files that your users uploaded depending on their metadata.

The accepts and declines parameters can each be set to an array with three members:

A value or job variable, such as ${file.mime}
One of the following operators: ==, ===, <, >, <=, >=, !=, !==, regex, !regex
A value or job variable, such as 50 or "foo"

Examples:

["${file.meta.width}", ">", "${file.meta.height}"]
["${file.size}", "<=", "720"]
["720", ">=", "${file.size}"]
["${file.mime}", "regex", "image"]

Important If you would like to match against a null value or a value that is not present (like an audio file does not have a video_codec property in its metadata), please match against "" (an empty string) instead. We'll support proper matching against null in the future, but we cannot easily right now without breaking backwards compatibility.

The following lists the supported Job Variables.

Available Job Variables

Note Conditions on properties that a file does not have will be ignored. For example, an image does not have ${file.meta.bitrate}. Also, note that since ${file.width} will be ignored, use ${file.meta.width} instead.

Variable	Description
`${account_id}`	The ID of your Transloadit account.
`${assembly.id}`	The ID of the Assembly representing the current upload.
`${unique_prefix}`	A unique 33-character prefix used to avoid file name collisions, such as `"f2/d3eeeb67479f11f8b091b04f6181ad"`
`${previous_step.name}`	The name of the previous Step that produced the file currently uploaded by the /s3/store Robot.
`${file.name}`	The name of the stored file.
`${file.url_name}`	The name of the stored file, from which any characters other than `A-Za-z0-9-_.` are stripped, and with dashes instead of spaces.
`${file.meta.*}`	Any file property available in the final results array, such as `${file.meta.width}`. For details, see the metadata docs.

Available Operators for the Conditions

Operator	Description	Example
`==`	equals without type check	`["${file.ext}", "==", "jpg"]`
`===`	strict equals with type check	`["${file.ext}", "===", "jpg"]`
`<`	less than	`["${file.size}", "<", "1024"]`
`>`	greater than	`["${file.meta.width}", ">", "${file.meta.height}"]`
`<=`	less or equal	`["${file.meta.audio_bitrate}", "<=", "256000"]`
`>=`	greater or equal	`["${file.meta.audio_samplerate}", ">=", "44100"]`
`!=`	simple inequality check without type check	`["${file.ext}", "!=", "jpg"]`
`!==`	strict inequality check with type check	`["${file.ext}", "!==", "jpg"]`
`regex`	case-insensitive regular expression based on RE2 `.match()`	`["${file.mime}", "regex", "image"]`
`!regex`	case-insensitive regular expression based on RE2 `!.match()`	`["${file.mime}", "!regex", "image"]`

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
accepts array of arrays ⋅ default is []

Files that match at least one requirement will be accepted, or declined otherwise. Example:
[["${file.mime}", "==", "image/gif"]].
If the condition_type parameter is set to "and ", then all requirements must match for the file to be accepted.
declines array of arrays ⋅ default is []

Files that match at least one requirement will be declined, or accepted otherwise. Example:
[["${file.size}",">","1024"]].
If the condition_type parameter is set to "and ", then all requirements must match for the file to be declined.
condition_type string ⋅ default is "or"

Specifies the condition type according to which the members of the accepts or declines arrays should be evaluated. Can be "or" or "and".
error_on_decline boolean ⋅ default is false

If this is set to true and one or more files are declined, the Assembly will be stopped and marked with an error.
error_msg string ⋅ default is "One of your files was declined"

This is the error message shown to your users (such as by Uppy) when a file is declined and error_on_decline is set to true.

Demos featuring the /file/filter Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /file/filter Robot on our blog:

Performance Upgrades March 4, 2015
Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
Two New Robots and More Features March 30, 2012
New /file/filter Robot Released December 6, 2011

Scan files for viruses

The /file/virusscan Robot rejects millions of trojans, viruses, malware & other malicious threats before they reach your platform.

This Robot is built on top of ClamAV, the best open source antivirus engine available. We update its signatures on a daily basis.

By default, this Robot excludes all malicious files from further processing without any additional notification. This behavior can be changed by setting error_on_decline to true, which will stop Assemblies as soon as malicious files are found. Such Assemblies will then be marked with an error.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
error_on_decline boolean ⋅ default is false

If this is set to true and one or more files are declined, the Assembly will be stopped and marked with an error.
error_msg string ⋅ default is "One of your files was declined"

This is the error message shown to your users (such as by Uppy) when a file is declined and error_on_decline is set to true.

Demos featuring the /file/virusscan Robot

Automatically reject virus-infected files with an error

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /file/virusscan Robot on our blog:

How to filter input files using the /file/filter and /file/virusscan Robots February 6, 2019
Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
New Robot for Virus Detection July 21, 2015

Media Cataloging

Generate media playlists

The /media/playlist Robot merges segment files to generate playlist files for HTTP Live Streaming (HLS).

Important The /media/playlist Robot is deprecated and will soon be removed! Please use our /video/adaptive Robot for all your HLS and MPEG-Dash needs instead.

The /media/playlist Robot is able to generate playlist files for HTTP Live Streaming (HLS).

This Robot accepts HLS segments generated by the /audio/encode and /video/encode Robots. You need to pass an /audio/encode or /video/encode Step that had its segment parameter set to true to the use parameter of this Robot.

The segments need to be passed to the Robot all at the same time, and not one by one. That's why you must use the bundle_steps parameter, otherwise you will generate multiple playlist files each containing only one segment.

Also, please make sure that you export your segments (to Amazon S3 for example). If you do not do that your playlist file will become invalid after 24 hours, as we remove temporary result files after that time.

Here is a complete example on how to implement HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) for video with Transloadit. It also works with the /audio/encode Robot, though.

{
  "steps": {
    "segments": {
      "use": ":original",
      "robot": "/video/encode",
      "preset": "iphone-high",
      "segment": true,
      "segment_duration": 10
    },
    "stored_segments": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": "segments",
      "bucket": "YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME",
      "key": "YOUR_S3_KEY",
      "secret": "YOUR_S3_SECRET"
    },
    "playlist": {
      "robot": "/media/playlist",
      "use": {
        "steps": "stored_segments",
        "bundle_steps": true
      }
    },
    "store_playlist": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": "playlist",
      "bucket": "YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME",
      "key": "YOUR_S3_KEY",
      "secret": "YOUR_S3_SECRET"
    }
  }
}

Generating a Master Playlist - a Playlist of Playlists

You can also pipe the output of several playlist Steps into another playlist Step to build a HLS playlist of playlists. The master playlist will make use of the resolution and bandwidth parameters of the parameter playlists. Here is an example:

{
  "steps": {
    "iphone_high_segments": {
      "use": ":original",
      "robot": "/video/encode",
      "preset": "iphone-high",
      "segment": true,
      "segment_duration": 10,
      "width": 800,
      "height": 600
    },
    "stored_iphone_high_segments": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": "iphone_high_segments",
      "bucket": "YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME",
      "key": "YOUR_S3_KEY",
      "secret": "YOUR_S3_SECRET"
    },
    "iphone_high_playlist": {
      "robot": "/media/playlist",
      "use": {
        "steps": "stored_iphone_high_segments",
        "bundle_steps": true
      },
      "resolution": "800x600",
      "bandwidth": "auto"
    },
    "iphone_low_segments": {
      "use": ":original",
      "robot": "/video/encode",
      "preset": "iphone-low",
      "segment": true,
      "segment_duration": 10
    },
    "stored_iphone_low_segments": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": "iphone_low_segments",
      "bucket": "YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME",
      "key": "YOUR_S3_KEY",
      "secret": "YOUR_S3_SECRET"
    },
    "iphone_low_playlist": {
      "robot": "/media/playlist",
      "use": {
        "steps": "stored_iphone_low_segments",
        "bundle_steps": true
      },
      "resolution": "800x600",
      "bandwidth": "auto"
    },
    "store_playlist": {
      "robot": "/s3/store",
      "use": "iphone_low_playlist",
      "bucket": "YOUR_S3_BUCKET_NAME",
      "key": "YOUR_S3_KEY",
      "secret": "YOUR_S3_SECRET"
    },
    "master_playlist": {
      "robot": "/media/playlist",
      "use": {
        "steps": ["iphone_low_playlist", "iphone_high_playlist"],
        "bundle_steps": true
      }
    }
  }
}

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
name string ⋅ default is "playlist.m3u8"

The final name of the playlist file.
relative_to string ⋅ default is ""

URL prefixes to use in the playlist file. Example: "/234p/"
resolution string ⋅ default is ""

The resolution reported in the playlist file. Example: "416×234". More info.
codecs string ⋅ default is ""

The codecs reported in the playlist file. Example: "avc1.42001e,mp4a.40.34". More info.
bandwidth string("auto") / integer ⋅ default is "auto"

The bandwidth reported in the playlist file. Example: 2560000. More info. This value is expressed in bits per second.
closed_captions boolean ⋅ default is true

When set to false, adds the "CLOSED-CAPTIONS=NONE" directive to the Playlist file.
meta_name string ⋅ default is ""

The meta name as used for NAME in the #EXT-X-STREAM-INF path in playlists. Can be different from the (file)name.
protocol string ⋅ default is "http"

The URL protocol used for all URLs in playlists. Can be "http" or "https".

Demos featuring the /media/playlist Robot

Segment video files and create a playlist

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /media/playlist Robot on our blog:

A Happy 2014 from Transloadit! January 14, 2014

Write metadata to media

The /meta/write Robot writes metadata into any file that supports it.

This Robot currently accepts images, videos and audio files.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
data_to_write object ⋅ default is {}

A key/value map defining the metadata to write into the file.

FFmpeg Parameters

ffmpeg_stack string ⋅ default is "v3.3.3"

Selects the FFmpeg stack version to use for encoding. These versions do not reflect any real FFmpeg versions, they reflect our own internal (non-semantic) versioning for our custom FFmpeg builds. The current recommendation is to use "v3.3.3" Other valid values can be found here.

Demos featuring the /meta/write Robot

Write metadata to an image

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /meta/write Robot on our blog:

Upgrading Encoding Engines July 31, 2015
On Upgrades & Goodbyes August 8, 2014

File Compressing

Compress files

The /file/compress Robot creates archives of files or file conversion results.

Archive structure for the "advanced" file layout.

There are a few things that we kept in mind when designing the "advanced" archive structure:

There could be naming collisions.
You want to know which Step a result file belongs to.
You want to know from which originally uploaded file a result file was generated.
ideally you want subfolders for a better structure of files.

To achieve all this, we have created the following archive file structure.

There is a subfolder for each Step name that has result files in the archive.
Files are named according to [first_2_letters_of_unique_original_prefix]_[first_2_letters_of_unique_prefix]_[original_file_name]. If you do not know what the original prefixes are, please check our available Assembly variables and look for ${unique_original_prefix} and ${unique_prefix}.
Files that belong to the :original Step (originally uploaded files) do not include the first two letters of the unique_original_prefix.
If you are dealing with thumbnails from the /video/thumbs Robot, there is an additional digit representing the order in the file name.

Here is an example:

":original":
  - gh_a.mov          # "gh" are the first 2 letters of the unique prefix.
                      # "a.mov" was the file name of the uploaded file.
  - ff_b.mov
"thumbed":
  - gh_e8_thumb_1.jpg # "gh" is the unique original prefix, meaning it's a result of a.mov.
                      # "e8" is the file's unique prefix.
                      # The "1" shows the thumbnail order.
  - gh_cv_thumb_2.jpg
  - ff_9b_thumb_3.jpg
"resized":
  - gh_ll_thumb.jpg
  - gh_df_thumb.jpg
  - ff_jk_thumb.jpg   # is a child of b.mov, as it starts with "ff"

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
format string ⋅ default is "tar"

The format of the archive to be created. Supported values are "tar" and "zip". Note that "tar" without setting gzip to true results in an archive that's not compressed in any way.
gzip boolean ⋅ default is false

Determines if the result archive should also be gzipped. Gzip compression is only applied if you use the "tar" format.
compression_level integer ⋅ default is -6

Determines how fiercly to try to compress the archive. -0 is compressionless, which is suitable for media that is already compressed. -1 is fastest with lowest compression. -9 is slowest with the highest compression. If you are using -0 in combination with the tar format with gzip enabled, consider setting gzip to false instead. This results in a plain Tar archive, meaning it already has no compression.
file_layout string ⋅ default is "advanced"

Determines if the result archive should contain all files in one directory (value for this is "simple") or in subfolders according to the explanation below (value for this is "advanced"). Files with same names are numbered in the "simple" file layout to avoid naming collisions.

Demos featuring the /file/compress Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /file/compress Robot on our blog:

A Happy 2014 from Transloadit! January 14, 2014
Create Zip and Tar Archives of Encoded Files September 4, 2013

Decompress archives

The /file/decompress Robot extracts entire archives of files to be consumed by other Robots or exported as individual files.

The /file/decompress Robot reads, decompresses and extracts all files from an archive file. The following archive formats are supported:

ZIP archives (with uncompressed or "deflate"-compressed entries)
7-Zip archives
RAR archives
GNU tar format (including GNU long filenames, long link names, and sparse files)
Solaris 9 extended tar format (including ACLs)
Old V7 tar archives
POSIX ustar
POSIX pax interchange format
POSIX octet-oriented cpio
SVR4 ASCII cpio
POSIX octet-oriented cpio
Binary cpio (big-endian or little-endian)
ISO9660 CD-ROM images (with optional Rockridge or Joliet extensions)
GNU and BSD "ar" archives
"mtree" format
Microsoft CAB format
LHA and LZH archives
XAR archives

This Robot also detects and handles any of the following before evaluating the archive file:

uuencoded files
Files with RPM wrapper
gzip compression
bzip2 compression
compress/LZW compression
lzma, lzip, and xz compression

For security reasons, archives that contain symlinks to outside the archived dir, will error out the Assembly. Decompressing password-protected archives (encrypted archives) is currently not fully supported but will not cause an Assembly to fail.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
ignore_errors array of strings / boolean ⋅ default is []

A possible array member is only "meta". There might be an error coming up when trying to extract metadata from the files inside your archive. This happens for files that are zero bytes big for example. Setting this to true will cause the Robot to not stop the file decompression (and the entire Assembly) when that happens. To keep backwards compatibility, setting this parameter to true will set it to ["meta"] internally.

Demos featuring the /file/decompress Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /file/decompress Robot on our blog:

Kicking Transloadit Into Gear for the New Year February 1, 2015
Two New Robots and More Features March 30, 2012

File Exporting

Downloading

If you do not configure an export Robot, the result URLs in the Assembly Status JSON will point to temporary locations that you can download for 24h, before being automatically removed. This can suit some use cases but we generally recommend using an export Robot so that files persist, and you profit from retries and atomicity (should the export fail after our retries, the Assembly fails and you'll be notified).

Export files to Microsoft Azure

The /azure/store Robot exports encoding results to Microsoft Azure.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your Azure container, account and key. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "account", "key", "container".
path string ⋅ default is "${unique_prefix}/${file.url_name}"

The path at which the file is to be stored. This may include any available Assembly variables.
content_type string ⋅ default is ""

The content type with which to store the file. By default this will be guessed by Azure.
content_encoding string ⋅ default is ""

The content encoding with which to store the file. By default this will be guessed by Azure.
content_language string ⋅ default is ""

The content language with which to store the file. By default this will be guessed by Azure.
cache_control string ⋅ default is ""

The cache control header with which to store the file.
metadata string ⋅ default is {}

A JavaScript object containing a list of metadata to be set for this file on Azure, such as { FileURL: "${file.url_name}" }. This can also include any available Assembly variables.
sas_expires_in integer / null ⋅ default is null

Set this to a number to enable shared access signatures for your stored object. This reflects the number of seconds that the signature will be valid for once the object is stored. Enabling this will attach the shared access signature (SAS) to the result URL of your object.
sas_permissions string ⋅ default is ""

Set this to a combination of r (read), w (write) and d (delete) for your shared access signatures (SAS) permissions.

Note The URLs in the result JSON already point to the file on your target storage platform, so you can just save that URL in your database. You can influence the URL using the Robot's url_template parameter which is explained in the table below.

Demos featuring the /azure/store Robot

Blog posts

We wrote the following posts about the /azure/store Robot on our blog:

The /azure/store Robot January 7, 2020
Happy 2016 from Transloadit December 31, 2015
Support for Windows Azure and Softlayer November 18, 2015

Export files to Backblaze

The /backblaze/store Robot exports encoding results to Backblaze.

Access

Your Backblaze buckets need to have the listBuckets (to obtain a bucket ID from a bucket name), writeFiles and listFiles permissions.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object required
This parameter specifies which Step(s) to use as input.
- You can pick any names for Steps except ":original" (reserved for user uploads handled by Transloadit)
- You can provide several Steps as input with arrays:
```
"use": [
  ":original",
  "encoded",
  "resized"
]
```
That’s likely all you need to know about use, but you can view advanced use cases:
› Advanced use cases
- Step bundling. Some Robots can gather several Step results for a single invocation. For example, the /file/compress Robot would normally create one archive for each file passed to it. If you'd set bundle_steps to true, however, it will create one archive containing all the result files fromall Steps you give it. To enable bundling, provide an object like the one below to the use parameter:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original", "encoded", "resized" ], "bundle_steps": true }
  This is also a crucial parameter for the /video/adaptive Robot, otherwise you'll generate 1 playlist for each viewing quality.
  Keep in mind that all input Steps must be present in your Template. If one of them is missing (for instance it is rejected by a filter), no result is generated because the Robot waits indefinitely for all input Steps to be finished. Here’s a demo that showcases Step bundling.
- Group by original. Sticking with the /file/compress Robot example, you can set group_by_original to true, in order to create a separate archive for each of your uploaded or imported files, instead of creating one archive containing all originals (or one per resulting file). This is important for for the /media/playlist Robot where you'd typically set:
  "use": { "steps": [ "segmented" ], "bundle_steps": true, "group_by_original": true }
- Fields. You can be more discriminatory by only using files that match a field name by setting the fields property. When this array is specified, the corresponding Step will only be executed for files submitted through one of the given field names, which correspond with the strings in the name attribute of the HTML file input field tag for instance. When using a back-end SDK, it corresponds with myFieldName1 in e.g.: $transloadit->addFile('myFieldName1', './chameleon.jpg'). This parameter is set to true by default, meaning all fields are accepted. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ ":original" ], "fields": [ "myFieldName1" ] }
- Use as. Sometimes Robots take several inputs. For instance, the /video/merge Robot can create a slideshow from audio and images. You can map different Steps to the appropriate inputs. Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": "audio_encoded", "as": "audio" }, { "name": "images_resized", "as": "image" } ] }
  Sometimes the ordering is important, for instance, with our concat Robots. In these cases, you can add an index that starts at 1. You can also optionally filter by the multipart field name. Like in this example, where all files are coming from the same source (end-user uploads), but with different <input> names: Example:
  "use": { "steps": [ { "name": ":original", "fields": "myFirstVideo", "as": "video_1" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "mySecondVideo", "as": "video_2" }, { "name": ":original", "fields": "myThirdVideo", "as": "video_3" } ] }
  For times when it is not apparent where we should put the file, you can use Assembly Variables to be specific. For instance, you may want to pass a text file to the /image/resize Robot to burn the text in an image, but you are burning multiple texts, so where do we put the text file? We specify it via ${use.text_1}, to indicate the first text file that was passed. Example:
  "watermarked": { "robot": "/image/resize", "use" : { "steps": [ { "name": "resized", as: "base" }, { "name": "transcribed", as: "text" }, ], }, "text": [ { "text" : "Hi there", "valign": "top", "align" : "left", }, { "text" : "From the 'transcribed' Step: ${use.text_1}", "valign" : "bottom", "align" : "right", "x_offset": 16, "y_offset": -10, } ] }
credentials string required

Please create your associated Template Credentials in your Transloadit account and use the name of your Template Credentials as this parameter's value. They will contain the values for your Backblaze bucket, app key id app key. To create your credential information head over to Backblaze, sign in to your account, and select Create a Bucket. Save the name of your bucket, and click on the App Keys tab, scroll to the bottom of the page then select “Add a New Application Key”. Allow access to your recently created bucket, select “Read and Write” as your type of access, and tick the “Allow List All Bucket Names:” option. Now everything is in place, create your key, and take note of the information you are given so you can add input the information into your Template Credentials. Your app key will only be viewable once so make sure you note this down. While we recommend to use Template Credentials at all times, some use cases demand dynamic credentials for which using Template Credentials with their static nature is too unwieldy. If you have this requirement, feel free to use the following parameters instead: "bucket", "app_key_id", "app_key".
path string ⋅ default is "${unique_prefix}/${file.url_name}"

The path at which the file is to be stored. This may include any available Assembly variables.
headers object ⋅ default is {}

An object containing a list of headers to be set for this file on backblaze, such as { FileURL: "${file.url_name}" }. This can also include any available Assembly Variables. Here you can find a list of available headers. Object Metadata can be specified using X-Bz-Info-* headers.

Demos featuring the /backblaze/store Robot

Copy files from Amazon S3 to Backblaze

Export files to Rackspace Cloud Files

The /cloudfiles/store Robot exports encoding results to Rackspace Cloud Files.

A Note About URLs

If your container is CDN-enabled, the resulting file.url indicates the path to the file in your CDN container, or is null otherwise.

The storage container URL for this file is always available via file.meta.storage_url.

Parameters

use string / array of strings / object

Robots Categories

Handling Uploads

File Importing

Video Encoding

Audio Encoding

Image Manipulation

Artificial Intelligence

Document Processing

File Filtering

Media Cataloging

File Compressing

File Exporting

Content Delivery (beta)

Handling Uploads

Handle uploads

Parameters

Demos featuring the /upload/handle Robot

Blog posts

File Importing

Import files from Backblaze

Parameters

Demos featuring the /backblaze/import Robot

Import files from Rackspace Cloudfiles

Parameters

Demos featuring the /cloudfiles/import Robot

Import files from Digitalocean Storage

Parameters

Demos featuring the /digitalocean/import Robot

Import files from Dropbox

Parameters

Demos featuring the /dropbox/import Robot

Blog posts

Import files from FTP servers

Parameters

Things to Keep in Mind

Demos featuring the /ftp/import Robot

Blog posts

Import files from Google Storage

Parameters

Demos featuring the /google/import Robot

Import files from Webservers

Parameters

Demos featuring the /http/import Robot

Blog posts

Import files from min.io

Parameters

Demos featuring the /minio/import Robot

Import files from Amazon S3

Parameters

Demos featuring the /s3/import Robot

Blog posts

Import files from SFTP servers

Parameters

Things to Keep in Mind

Installation on Your Server

Demos featuring the /sftp/import Robot

Blog posts

Import files from Openstack/Swift

Parameters

Demos featuring the /swift/import Robot

Import files from Wasabi

Parameters

Demos featuring the /wasabi/import Robot

Video Encoding

Convert videos to HLS and MPEG-Dash

Required CORS settings for MPEG-Dash

Required CORS settings for HTTP Live Streaming

Storing Segments and Playlist files

Parameters

FFmpeg Parameters

Demos featuring the /video/adaptive Robot

Blog posts

Concatenate videos

Parameters

FFmpeg Parameters

Demos featuring the /video/concat Robot

Blog posts

Transcode, resize, or watermark videos

On Watermarking